2016-2018年某基层医院医院感染率调查  

Prevalence rates of nosocomial infections in a grass-root hospital from 2016 to 2018

作　　者：刘敏[1] 姚志慧 白玉洁[1] 李静[1] 朱燕[3] 潘文东 LIU Min;YAO Zhi-hui;BAI Yu-jie;LI Jing;ZHU Yan;PAN Wen-dong(NO926 Hospital of PLA,Kaiyuan,Yunnan 661600,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军926医院感染管理科,云南开远661600 [2]中国人民解放军926医院烧伤整形科,云南开远661600 [3]中国人民解放军926医院健康管理中心,云南开远661600

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2020年第12期1899-1904,共6页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金地区基金资助项目(81860338)。

摘　　要：目的分析医院感染率的变化趋势及分布情况。方法分别选取2016-2018年调查日调查解放军926医院所有住院患者临床资料,采取床旁调查和查阅病例相结合的方式对医院感染率进行调查,分析医院感染所涉及患者的性别、年龄、感染部位及科室构成,抗菌药物使用情况,所有数据采用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析。结果2016-2018年应查住院患者为3509例,实查例数为3477例,实查率为99.09%。医院感染率分别为1.43%、1.88%、1.18%,男性平均感染率为1.67%,女性平均感染率为1.25%。医院感染的年龄构成以50~90岁中老年人和<10岁儿童为主,感染率较高的科室分别为神经外科、普外科和烧伤科。医院感染部位以下呼吸道感染最为常见,其次为表浅切口及泌尿道,分别占26.23%、24.59%、13.11%。医院抗菌药物使用率总体控制在40%以下,抗菌药物使用以治疗用药为根本,单一用药为主要用药方式。患者病原体样本送检率呈逐年上升趋势。结论本研究中医院感染率及抗菌药物使用率低于全国平均水平,同时明确了医院感染性别及年龄构成、高危感染部位及高发科室,为进一步加强医院感染管理,合理使用抗菌药物提供科学依据。OBJECTIVE To investigate the change of prevalence rate of nosocomial infection and analyze the distribution.METHODS The clinical data were collected from all of the patients who were hospitalized in NO 926 Hospital of PLA from 2016 to 2018.The prevalence rates of nosocomial infections were investigated by means of bedside survey combined with review of medical records.All of the data that were related to the nosocomial infections,including gender,age,distribution of infection sites and departments and utilization rates of antibiotics,were statistically analyzed with the use of SPSS 13.0 software.RESULTS Totally 3509 hospitalized patients were supposed to be investigated,and 3477 patients were actually investigated,with the rate of actual investigation 99.09%.The incidence rates of nosocomial infections were 1.43%,1.88%and 1.18%,respectively;the average infection rate of the male patients was 1.67%,and the average infection rate of the female patients was 1.25%.The middle-aged and elderly patients aged between 50 and 90 years old and the children aged less than 10 years old were dominant among the patients with nosocomial infections.The nosocomial infections were highly prevalent in neurosurgery department,general surgery department and burn department.The lower respiratory tract(26.23%)was the most common infection site,followed by superficial incision site(24.59%)and urinary tract(13.11%).The overall utilization rate of antibiotics was controlled under 40%;the antibiotics were mainly used for treatment,and the single-drug medication was the major medication mode.The submission rate of specimens for detection of pathogens was increased year by year.CONCLUSION The incidence of nosocomial infection and utilization rate of antibiotics are lower than the national average,and the clear understanding of gender and age of the patients with nosocomial infection,high-risk infection sites and departments at high risk of infection may provide scientific basis for enhancement of control of nosocomial infection and reasonable

关 键 词：医院感染 感染率 抗菌药物 感染部位 

分 类 号：R181.32[医药卫生—流行病学]