人文医学研究中的结构主义与后结构主义  

Structuralism and Post-structuralism in Humanistic Medical Research

作　　者：郭玉宇[1] 夏誉轩 GUO Yu-yu;XIA Yu-xuan(Institute of Medical Humanities,Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 211166,China)

机构地区：[1]南京医科大学医学人文研究院,江苏南京211166

出　　处：《医学与哲学》2020年第16期5-9,14,共6页Medicine and Philosophy

基　　金：2016年江苏省教育厅高校哲学社会科学研究基金资助项目(2016SJB720004);2015年南京医科大学哲学社会科学发展专项项目(2016ZSZ002)。

摘　　要：结构主义与后结构主义作为独特的非实证主义方法在人文医学研究中应该受到越来越多的关注。在结构主义方法视角下,人文医学研究的整体性与共时性是相伴互随的共同要求;重视语言学与符号学作为分析工具的重要作用,人文医学需要自己的学科语言符号体系。在后结构主义方法视角下,人文医学应当打破固有的研究模型,不仅研究宏观,也要研究微观,不仅关注中心,也要关注边缘,不仅关照总体,也要顾及差异;在研究中打破常规化、规律化、结构化、有序化。如果说结构主义方法推动了人文医学研究的学科体系建构,那么,后结构主义方法必将推动人文医学的学科体系建构是在批判性解构基础上的建构。Structuralism and post-structuralism as unique non-positivist methods should receive more and more attentions in humanistic medical research.From the perspective of structuralism,the integrality and synchronicity of humanistic medical research are the common requirements of concomitant and mutual development.The importance of linguistics and semiotics as analytical tools should be emphasized.Humanistic medicine needs its own linguistic symbol system.From the perspective of post-structuralism,humanistic medicine should break the inherent research model.It should study not only the macro but also the micro,focus not only on the center but also the edge,care about not only the whole but also the individual differences.Break the routine,the regular pattern,the fixed structure and the usual order in the research.If the structuralist approach promotes the construction of the disciplinary system of humanistic medical research,then the post-structuralist approach will certainly promote the disciplinary system construction on the basis of critical deconstruction.

关 键 词：人文医学 结构主义方法 后结构主义方法 

分 类 号：R-0[医药卫生]