对几件汉代农耕“文物”的考辨  

Research on Several Cultural Farming Relics of the Han Dynasty

作　　者：史晓雷[1] Shi Xiaolei

机构地区：[1]中国科学院自然科学史研究所

出　　处：《农业考古》2020年第4期140-146,共7页Agricultural Archaeology

摘　　要：文物对农耕史特别是农具史的研究,具有重要的史料作用。如何充分利用、发挥农耕文物的史料价值,以及辨识一些伪造文物(赝品),是当前学界的重要任务。本文通过考辨两件文物和一组赝品"文物",揭示了真实文物蕴含的农具史价值,揭露了伪造文物的破绽:安徽省淮北市博物馆馆藏的汉代陶漏斗应当是风扇车(明器)上盛装、倾泻谷物的粮斗;山东青岛汉画像砖博物馆馆藏的一组"汉代农耕图"画像砖,有改造、沿袭已有文物图案的痕迹,结合其他疑点,可判定系今人伪造;江苏徐州汉文化景区汉画长廊的汉画像石"牛耕图"不但描绘了带有马鞍形的犁壁,还绘有迄今唯一的汉代"耒耜耕"画面,对农具史研究具有重要价值。对该画像石上"耒耜耕"全图的解读,有待于进一步探讨。Cultural relics play an important role as historicalmaterials in the study of the farming history,especially in the history of farm implements.How to make full use of the historical value of the farming cultural relics and identify some forged cultural relics(fakes)is an urgent mission for the current academic circles.Through the research of two cultural relics and a group of fake"cultural relics",this paper demonstrates the historical value of farm implements contained in the two real cultural relics,and reveals the tricks of the forged cultural relics.The pottery funnel of the Han Dynasty in the Museum of Huaibei City should be the grain hopper that holds and pours grain on the winnowing fan car(funerary ware).A group of portrait bricks named"Farming Pictures of the Han Dynasty"in the Qingdao Han Portrait Brick Museum had transformed and copied the pictures of several existing cultural relics.Hence,it can be concluded that they were forged by modern people.The Han stone relief of"Cattle Ploughing"in the Gallery of Han Pictures in Xuzhou not only depicts one kind of plow moldboard with saddle shape,but also draws the only picture of"Digging with Lei Si"from the Han Dynasty,which is of great value to the study of the history of farm implements.The interpretation of the whole picture of"Digging with Lei Si"still needs to be further discussed.

关 键 词：农耕 文物 陶漏斗 风扇车 牛耕 耒耜 

分 类 号：K875[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]