董仲舒的批判精神与王道构建  

Dong Zhongshu’s Critical Spirit and the Construction of Benevolent Governance

作　　者：韩星[1] HAN Xing(School of Chinese Classics,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国学院,北京100872

出　　处：《衡水学院学报》2020年第5期3-13,共11页Journal of Hengshui University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目《董仲舒传世文献考辨与历代注疏研究》(19ZDA027)。

摘　　要：在《史记·太史公自序》中,董仲舒告诉司马迁“贬天子,退诸侯,讨大夫”,这代表了《春秋》及公羊学精神,目的是批判现实,拨乱反正,重建王道秩序。董仲舒解释王参通天地人,能使天下万民归往。王道核心是仁义,主体是礼义。董仲舒提出“王道四纲”,由天之阴阳之道,推衍到夫妇、君臣、父子三大人伦关系;通过天人感应理论论证“天为王纲”,形成了天子受命于天、受命之符、灾异理论等,以天的权威限制君权;盛赞古代圣王之治,高扬王道理想,试图使汉武帝效法古代圣王,建太平之道。In Taishigong’s(Sima Qian’s)preface of The Records of the Historian(Shih-Chi),Dong Zhongshu told Sima Qian that“demoting the emperor,dismissing princes and suppressing bureaucrats”reflected the spirit of Spring and Autumn Annals and Gongyang theory,the purpose of which was to criticize the reality,bring order out of chaos and rebuild benevolent governance order.He also explained that if the emperor could connect heaven,earth and people,he could bring all the people of the world to be under his rule,and that the core of benevolent governance is benevolence and righteousness and its essential part is etiquette and righteousness.In addition,he put forward“four cardinal principles of benevolent governance”,deriving the relationship between husband and wife,emperor and courtier,father and son from the relationship between yin and yang,expounding the the idea of“Heaven is the principle of the emperor”with the theory of the unity between heaven and man,developing the theories of the emperor receiving instructions from heaven,the talisman of receiving instructions and the theory of calamity,etc.to limit the monarchy with the authority of heaven;praising the ancient emperors’way of governance,exalting the ideals of benevolent governance in order to make Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty follow the example of the ancient emperors to build the way of peace.

关 键 词：董仲舒 《春秋》精神 批判现实 “王道四纲” 王道理想 太平之道 

分 类 号：B234.5[哲学宗教—中国哲学]