社区空巢老年2型糖尿病患者人格特征、社会支持与自我管理的关系  

Relationship between personality,social support and self-management level of empty nest elderly with type 2 diabetes in the community

作　　者：王微[1] 谢屏东[1] 康延海[1] 王小薇 WANG Wei;XIE Pingdong;KANG Yanhai(Hainan General Hospital,Haikou 570311,China)

机构地区：[1]中国·海南省人民医院,海南海口570010

出　　处：《中国健康心理学杂志》2020年第8期1170-1173,共4页China Journal of Health Psychology

基　　金：海南省卫生计生行业科研项目(编号:19A200020)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨人格特征、社会支持分别对社区空巢老年2型糖尿病患者自我管理水平的影响,以及社会支持在人格特征和患者自我管理水平之间的中介作用。方法:在海口市3个社区内抽取183名空巢老年2型糖尿病患者作为研究对象,采用一般情况调查表、中国大五人格问卷简式版、糖尿病自我管理活动问卷以及社会支持量表进行调查。结果:社区空巢老年2型糖尿病患者自我管理活动量表评分中,足部护理得分明显低于其他条目,(F=135.065,P<0.01)。调查对象按自我管理水平程度分为良好、中等、较差3组,良好组在严谨性人格特征得分、外向性人格特征得分、主观支持维度得分、支持利用度维度得分和社会支持得分(F=71.685,7.293,49.347,145.971,78.852;P<0.01)上均明显高于其他两组。社会支持是严谨性人格特征和糖尿病自我管理得分的中介变量,存在部分中介效应。结论:人格特征、社会支持与空巢老年2型糖尿病患者的自我管理水平密切相关,通过改变患者的人格特征和提高社会支持度可以提升患者的自我管理水平。Objective:To explore the influence of personality characteristics and social support on self-management level of empty nest elderly patients with type 2 diabetes in the community,and the intermediary role of social support between personality characteristics and self-management level of patients.Methods:A total of 183 empty nest elderly patients with type 2 diabetes in three communities in Haikou city were investigated by questionnaire.Results:The results of the summary of diabetes self-care activities questionnaire(SDSCA)showed that foot care score was significantly lower than other items(F=135.065,P<0.01).According to the level of self-management,all patients were divided into three groups:Good,medium and poor.The scores of rigorous personality(F=71.685,P<0.01),extroversion personality(F=7.293,P<0.01),subjective support(F=49.347,P<0.01),support utilization(F=145.971,P<0.01)and social support(F=78.852,P<0.01)in the good group were significantly higher than those in the other two groups.Social support was an intermediary variable between rigorous personality characteristics and self-management score of diabetes mellitus,which had some mediating effects.Conclusion:Personality characteristics and social support are closely related to the self-management level of empty nest elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.By changing the personality characteristics of patients and improving social support,the self-management level of patients can be improved.

关 键 词：空巢 老年患者 2型糖尿病 人格特征 社会支持 自我管理 

分 类 号：R749.92[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]