音译外来词的语义调整及认知制约研究  

On the Semantic Adjustment and Cognitive Restriction of Transliterated Loanwords

作　　者：孙道功[1] 叶蕴 SUN Dao gong;YE Yun

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学文学院,江苏南京210097

出　　处：《语言文字应用》2020年第3期97-106,共10页Applied Linguistics

基　　金：2019年度教育部人文社科基金“基于语义知识库的名核结构'句法—语义'接口研究”(19YJA740048);江苏省社科基金“词汇—句法语义”链接知识库的开发与应用研究"(19YYB008)的资助。

摘　　要：借词是语言接触的产物,同时也是语言发展的重要途径。本文基于《新华外来词词典》,考察了音译外来词进入汉语词汇系统的语义调整表现及认知制约特点。结论认为:音译外来词的语义调整主要包括义项调整、基义变化、陪义变化、词义竞争、语义功能改变、语素化引发的语义泛化等六种类型;在语义调整过程中,受到来自词义联想、求新求雅、崇尚简约、隐喻转喻、语义活跃度、增加语义显著度等六个角度的认知心理制约。As the product of language communication,loanwords are related to the important way of language development.Based on the transliterated loanwords in The Xinhua Dictionary of Loanwords,this paper examines the semantic adjustment and cognitive restriction of transliterated loanwords entering Chinese vocabulary system.It is found that semantic adjustments of transliterated loanwords mainly include six types:sense adjustment,fundamental meaning change,connotational change,word meaning competition,semantic function change and semantic generalization induced by morphemization. In the process of semantic adjustment, the transliterated loanwords aresubject to the restriction of the cognitive psychology from six perspectives, namely,semantic association, seeking novelty and elegance, advocating simplicity, metaphor andmetonymy, semantic activity and increasing semantic significance.

关 键 词：音译外来词 语义调整 认知制约 

分 类 号：H035[语言文字—语言学]