发生认识论视角下施洞苗族剪纸造型叙事结构研究  

A Study on the Narrative Structure of Paper Cutting of Miao Ethnic Group in Shidong from the Perspective of Genetic Epistemology

作　　者：侯小春[1] HOU Xiao-chun(School of Art,Xi’an International Studies University,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710128)

机构地区：[1]西安外国语大学艺术学院,陕西西安710128

出　　处：《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第4期158-163,共6页Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中华传统艺术的当代传承研究”(项目编号:19ZD01)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：目前学界对于贵州台江施洞苗族剪纸的研究较少,原因是其作为刺绣的纸稿而不被重视。本文以具有叙事情节的剪纸《大象的故事》为中心,从发生认识论的视角对其造型中的叙事结构进行分析。该剪纸造型中叙事的主体不突出,观看者与主人公的视角重合;时间结构复杂,需要观者借助剪纸造型的表情和行为厘清观看顺序;叙述空间局促,但保持了一定的开放性。剪纸造型并不是单纯的图像与文本之间的关联,而是延续了苗族的认知结构并采用一种新的叙事方式进行的重构。借助发生认识论的理论可以知道该剪纸叙事中的含混表达,是因为在剪纸图案最初设计者的认知中主客体没有分离,客体是为了适应主体的认知环境而进行组织的。施洞剪纸动物半人化的造型是一种拟人化的投影,从认知结构上看设计者是把施洞苗族所感知到的事物,都按照人与动物的共同特征进行表现的。施洞苗族剪纸造型具有道德教化的功能,剪纸叙事空间的重点在于表现"善有善报""美好生活""机智勇敢"的结果而不是故事发生的整个过程,这实际上是一种适应主体已知结构的同化现象。因此在苗族人了解其服饰纹饰意义的同时,苗族对于民族历史神话的认知得以发展。施洞苗族剪纸中的造型叙事不仅反映了苗族的历史记忆,还具有情感价值与特定的社会化功能。At present,there are few researches on paper-cut of Miao ethnic group in Shidong,Taijiang,Guizhou Province,because it is overlooked as the paper draft for embroidery works.This article takes the narration of the Story of Elephant as the focus of the paper-cut,and makes analysis on the narrative structure of its image.The main figure of the narrative in the paper-cut modeling is not prominent,and the viewer coincides with the protagonist ’ s angle of view;the time structure is complex and requires the viewer to clarify the viewing order with the help of the expression and behavior of the paper-cut modeling;the narrative space is cramped,but it keeps certain level of openness.Paper-cut modeling is not a simple correlation between image and text,but a reconstruction with a new narrative method.From the perspective of genetic epistemology,the article points out that the ambiguous expression in the narrative is because the subject and object are not separated in the cognition of the original designer of the paper-cut pattern.The paper-cut animal’ s image with human characteristics is a kind of anthropomorphic projection,the purpose of which is to balance the relationship between man and nature with the help of natural force.Shidong Miao paper-cut modeling has the function of moral education.The focus of the paper-cut narrative is to show the results of " receiving rewards for one ’ s virtuous deeds", " good life" and " being smart and brave",rather than the whole process of the story.Therefore,when the Miao ethnic people understand the meaning of their pattern of dress,the historical myth and ethnic identity of the Miao people can be transmitted and continued.Shidong Miao paper-cut not only reflects the historical memory of Miao,but also has emotional value and specific social function.The color transformation through dress embroidery can evoke a convincing ethnic image,regain the development process from totem symbol of myth to ethnic symbol,and play an active role in the emotional connection inside the group.

关 键 词：施洞苗族 剪纸造型 叙事结构 发生认识论 情感价值 

分 类 号：C915[经济管理]