湘西宝卷的类别及特点述略  

On the Categorization and Characteristics of the Xiangxi Baojuan

作　　者：刘晓蓉 张显成[2] Liu Xiaorong;Zhang Xiancheng(School of Literature and Journalism,Huaihua University,418000,Hunan,China;Institute for Chinese Language and Document,Southwest University,Chongqing,400715,China)

机构地区：[1]怀化学院文学与新闻传播学院,湖南怀化418000 [2]西南大学汉语言文献研究所,重庆北碚400715

出　　处：《民族学刊》2020年第4期80-88,138-139,共11页Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金冷门“绝学”和国别史等研究专项“湘西民间宝卷文献的抢救、整理与语言资源数据库建设”(19VJX142)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：宝卷是我国民间民俗文献整理的重要史料资源。对宝卷类别考释当下学界诸家或笼统繁复,或交叉重叠。作为湘西民俗的重要载体,湘西宝卷在承继中华宝卷共性的基础上又独具地方特色:(1)从宝卷历史分期看,湘西宝卷历史跨度大,既有“新宝卷时代”之宝卷,还存“古宝卷时代”之最早底本;(2)从民间宗教属性看,湘西宝卷是一种“兼具民间宗教与‘三教合一’”的宝卷,这在其他地区极为罕见;(3)从讲唱程序归类,湘西宝卷目今只存活于当地丧葬与祭祀活动中,这亦乃全国他处宝卷所不备之特质。然由于划分标准非唯一特性,对湘西宝卷类别的研究还有待进一步深入。Baojuan(or Precious Volumes)were a kind of literary form for disseminating religion which evolved from the bianwen,an ancient vernacular literary form written partly in prose and partly in verse that emerged in the Tang and Five Dynasties.The baojuan were scriptures/texts for traditional Chinese religions that were separate from classic Buddhist sutras and Taoist scriptures(Li,2019,p.247).The source of the baojuan is very ancient,and,in the process of their historical evolution,they were integrated into the folklore traditions of different places.As such,they have become an important historical resource in the folklore literature in China.Since the 1920s,there has been a lot of controversy in academic circles about how to categorize the baojuan.For example,Zheng Zhenduo and the American scholar Daniel L.Overmeyer had two ways of categorizing them.The former divides the baojuan into“religious stories”and“non-religious stories”(Zheng,2010,p.520)and the latter divides them into“sectarian baojuan”and“story telling Baojuan”(Overmeyer,,2012,p.10).Other categorizations include Li Shiyu s“three categorizations”(Li,2007,p.38),Liu Ping s“four categorizations”(Liu,2010,p.232),the Japanese scholar Sawada Mizuho s“five categorizations”;(Sawada,1997,p.273-274),and Che Xilun s“two categorizations and eight sub-categorizations”(Che,2009,p.5-16)etc.These categorizations of the baojuan are either very general and complicated,or overlapping.Xiangxi is a mixed ethnic minority area dominated by the Tujia and Miao.This area was the first barrier encountered by the Central Plains culture when they settled in the area of the southwestern civilizations.Thus,this area,in addition to receiving early influence from the Central Plains culture,it also,due to its unique mountainous terrain laced with rivers,preserved its local folk customs relatively completely.It,thus,shaped a kind of regional cultural form that was both open,yet relatively closed.Therefore,as an important carrier of Xiangxi folk customs,the ba

关 键 词：民俗文献整理 湘西宝卷 宝卷类别 民族文化 民俗史学 

分 类 号：C952[社会学—民族学]