外泌体携带的RNA在恶性骨肿瘤中的研究进展  

Research progress of RNA carried by exosomes in malignant bone neoplasm

作　　者：李崇[1] 黄能干 罗晓婷 李剑[1] 廖世杰[1] 林成森 李波香 阳富春[1] 刘云[1] Li Chong;Huang Nenggan;Luo Xiaoting;Li Jian;Liao Shijie;Lin Chengsen;Li Boxiang;Yang Fuchun;Liu Yun(Department of Orthopedics,the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University,Nanning 530021,China;Department of Pharmacy,the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University,Nanning 530021,China)

机构地区：[1]广西医科大学第一附属医院骨科,南宁530021 [2]广西医科大学第一附属医院药学部,南宁530021

出　　处：《中华骨科杂志》2020年第16期1126-1134,共9页Chinese Journal of Orthopaedics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81960768);广西自然科学基金项目(2019JJA140408,2017GXNSFBA198098);广西再生医学重点实验室开放课题项目桂再重开(201806)。

摘　　要：常见的恶性骨肿瘤包括骨肉瘤、尤文肉瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、转移性骨肿瘤等,确诊时多伴有远处转移,5年生存率较低。目前用于其早期检测的生物标志物和治疗手段十分有限,为突破这一瓶颈,近年来医学研究人员正努力探索外泌体在恶性骨肿瘤发挥的作用。外泌体是由不同类型细胞分泌并存在于多种体液中的胞外微囊泡,是发挥着重要生理作用的新型细胞间信息载体。越来越多的研究表明,包含在外泌体中的RNA(如mRNA、miRNAs、lncRNAs和circRNAs等)可通过外泌体的载运,在恶性骨肿瘤发生发展中发挥重要作用。既往研究大多只关注外泌体RNA在某一恶性骨肿瘤疾病中的影响,或单纯研究外泌体RNA介导肿瘤细胞增殖或凋亡、转移、逃避免疫监测和化疗耐药等某一方面发挥重要作用,而外泌体RNA可能通过相应方式相互影响作用形成调控网络,共同参与疾病的整个过程。我们通过查阅现有相关文献,归纳总结发现外泌体RNA对骨肉瘤、尤文肉瘤、软骨肉瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、转移性骨肿瘤五类常见恶性骨肿瘤的增殖、转移、免疫逃避、耐药机制等方面发挥重要作用。为此,本研究通过阐明研究外泌体RNA在恶性骨肿瘤发生发展中的相关机制,将有助于为临床恶性骨肿瘤的早期诊断、伴随诊断、疗效判断(化疗、放疗和免疫治疗等)和预后判断提供一个新思路。Malignant bone tumors,one of the most common bone tumors includes osteosarcoma,Ewing's sarcoma,multiple myeloma,and metastatic bone tumors etc.These tumors are often accompanied by distant metastatic lesions at time of diagnosis,leading to low 5-year survival rates.At present,the use of biomarkers for early detection in order to facilitate early treatment are very limited.Therefore,most medical researchers are exploring the roles of exosomes in detecting malignant bone tumors.Exosomes are extracellular microvesicles secreted by different types of cells,which exist in a variety of body fluids.They are new intercellular information carriers that play important physiological roles.Current literature have reported that the RNA contained in exosomes(such as mRNA,miRNAs,lncRNAs and circRNAs)play important roles in the incidence as well as development of malignant bone tumors.However,the previous studies mostly focused on the roles of exosomal RNA in malignant bone tumor diseases,in tumor cell proliferation or apoptosis,transfers,evasion of immune surveillance and chemotherapy drug resistance etc.However,exosomal RNAs may function in the whole process of the disease progression via regulation networks.Our review of existing literature revealed that exosomal RNAs affacted the proliferation,metastasis,immune evasion and drug resistance of five common malignant bone tumors;Osteosarcoma,Ewing sarcoma,Chondrosarcoma,multiple myeloma,and metastatic bone tumors.Therefore,by elucidating on the mechanism of exosomal RNAs in the occurrence and development of malignant bone tumors,this study,could provide new ideas for early diagnosis,concomitant diagnosis,efficacy estimation(chemotherapy,radiotherapy and immunotherapy,etc.)as well as assessing the prognosis of malignant bone tumors.

关 键 词：恶性骨肿瘤 医学研究人员 外泌体 软骨肉瘤 多发性骨髓瘤 尤文肉瘤 化疗耐药 免疫治疗 

分 类 号：R730.23[医药卫生—肿瘤]