小麦族的基因组显性及其育种学意义  

Genome dominance and the breeding significance in Triticeae

作　　者：刘登才[1] 张连全[1] 郝明[1] 黄林[1] 甯顺腙[1] 袁中伟[1] 姜博 颜泽洪[1] 伍碧华[1] 郑有良[1] LIU Deng-Cai;ZHANG Lian-Quan;HAO Ming;HUANG Lin;NING Shun-Zong;YUAN Zhong-Wei;JIANG Bo;YAN Ze-Hong;WU Bi-Hua;ZHENG You-Liang(Triticeae Research Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学小麦研究所,四川成都611130

出　　处：《作物学报》2020年第10期1465-1473,共9页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(91935303,31671689,31671682);四川省育种公关和产业技术体系项目资助。

摘　　要：小麦族包含大量由不同基因组组成的异源多倍体物种。同一个异源多倍体物种的不同基因组可能对表型性状产生非对称性贡献,例如小麦属多倍体物种的形态分类特性,更像其A基因组供体物种,这种现象称为A基因组显性。由于基因组显性,小麦族形成了以A、D、U、St为轴心(显性)基因组的异源多倍体物种簇。异源多倍体物种的基因组显性可能与其进化适应优势的形成有关。在育种方面,基因组显性影响多倍体新作物开发及小麦-外源染色体易位设计。Triticeae tribe houses a number of allopolyploid species that harbor combinations of various genomes.The different genomes of an allopolyploid may have asymmetric contributions to morphological traits.For instance,the taxon traits of allopolyploids within genus Triticum is highly like those from the donor species of A-genome,termed this phenomenon as A-genome dominance.Because of genome dominance,the allopolyploids of Triticeae are grouped into different species clusters with A,D,U,or St as the pivotal(dominant)genome.Genome dominance may confer the advantages in evolution and adaptation.In breeding,it is an important factor to influence the development of novel allopolyploid crops and the design of wheat-alien chromosome translocations.

关 键 词：基因组非对称 异源多倍体 轴心基因组 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]