试析明代提学官之文学教育职能  

The Role of the Teaching Supervisors in Literary Education in the Ming Dynasty

作　　者：李波[1] LI Bo(College of Humanities,Weinan Normal University,Weinan,Shaanxi,714099)

机构地区：[1]渭南师范学院人文学院,陕西渭南714099

出　　处：《新疆大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第5期109-116,共8页Journal of Xinjiang University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金西部项目“明代提学官与地域文学研究”(15XZW020);渭南师范学院人才基金项目“秦东作家与明代提学关系研究”(15RC005)。

摘　　要：明代提学官的添设与当时儒学生员文化素养包括文学素养严重不足的现状密切相关。明廷对提学职责的规定也明确将文学、文化教育纳入其中,从而使提学官之文学教育职能得以制度化。明代提学官出身科考且多以作家著称,这一特殊文化身份亦使其往往采用“以身示范”的教育方式教导诸生,因而其文学教育职能更得彰显。而从实际的督学效果来看,提学官在各省的督学反响也充分说明他们对文学之士的培养更显成效。明代提学官在督学过程中,通过对儒学生员乃至府、州、县学教官的教育引导及监督管理,在教育内容、教育手段及考核目标等层面均体现出他们在文学教育方面的突出职能作用。揭示明代提学的文学教育职能是充分认识其文化价值的重要方面,亦是揭示明代地域文学发展变化深层原因之关键一环。The addition of teaching supervisors in the Ming Dynasty was closely related to the serious lack of the cultural literacy of students learning Confucian classics.The imperial court stipulated that literary and cultural education was written in the duties of the inspectors:their duties were legally codified.The inspectors passed the Imperial Examination and many were famous writers.This cultural identity were examples for student to follow,which highlighted their role in literary education.In effect,the feedback in different provinces was sufficient to prove their role in the success of literary education.The inspectors guided,supervised and managed the students and the teachers at all levels.Their role in literary education was prominent in the teaching content,teaching means and evaluation goals.The purpose of this paper was to fully understand the values of the teaching supervisors in the Ming Dynasty and to reveal the key of the deep causes of the development of the regional literature in the Ming Dynasty.

关 键 词：明代 提学官 文学教育 职能 

分 类 号：I206[文学—中国文学]