词汇语义学的根本问题及其回答:新结构主义语义学视角  

The Fundamental Issues in Lexical Semantics and Their Answers:Neostructuralist Semantics Approach

作　　者：魏琛 倪盛俭[3] WEI Chen;NI Shengjian(College of Humanities and Teachers’Education,Wuyi University,Wuyishan 354300,China;School of Foreign Languages,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;School of Humanities and Law,Guizhou University of Finance and Economics,Guiyang 511300,China)

机构地区：[1]武夷学院人文与教师教育学院,福建武夷山354300 [2]华东师范大学外语学院,上海200241 [3]贵州财经大学文法学院,贵州贵阳511300

出　　处：《湖州师范学院学报》2020年第7期92-104,共13页Journal of Huzhou University

基　　金：2019年度福建省中青年教师教育科研项目(高校外语教改科研专项)“基于使用的事件类动词多义性定量研究”(JZ190089);2018年度福建省教育厅中青年教师教育科研项目“生成词库理论与二语词汇多义性习得研究”(JAS180526);2018年度国家社会科学基金西部项目“类型学视域下的汉日语致使结构对比研究”(18XYY032);2017年度福建省社会科学规划基础研究项目“致使结构的类型与共性研究”(FJ2017B120)。

摘　　要：作为《词汇语义学的根本问题及其回答》系列论文的第二篇,本文主要以分解法和关系方法两个准则分别梳理和论述自然语义元语言、概念语义学、双层语义学、生成词库理论和WordNet、意义—文本理论、分布语料分析范式等新结构主义语义学流派的不同理论视角对词汇语义学的贡献与不足,试图据此回答Paradis之问。研究发现,新结构主义语义学以语言知识与语言外知识(百科知识)的区分、语言意义形式化的可能性为其研究的出发点和重点。它对Paradis提出的词汇语义学的五大根本问题中的①②④做了较为全面的回答,对于③仅对语义储藏作了部分回答,未涉及意义习得部分,而对于⑤只回答了共时语义变化性,但它比生成语义学的解释更加充分,特别是生成词库理论提出了更具体、更丰富的语义表示方法和语义生成机制。给我们的启示是:现有流派都只是对词汇语义某些方面的研究,其在解释充分性和表征充分性方面均存在不足之处;不同学科以及同一学科不同流派在今后的发展过程中应该互鉴、互补、共进,共筑语义研究融合模型,为语义解释充分性和表征充分性贡献力量。本文对词汇语义研究、语言教学、词典编撰和自然语言处理等均具有一定的参考价值。As the second part of the theses series“The Fundamental Issues in Lexical Semantics and Their Answers”,the thesis mainly combs and discusses the contributions and deficiencies of Neostructuralist Semantics,aiming to answer Paradis’five fundamental issues in lexical semantics.According to two maxims of the decomposition method and the relationship method,the thesisseparately introduces Natural Semantics Metalanguage Theory,Conceptual Semantics,Two Level Semantics,Generative Lexicon Theory and their application forms:WordNet,Meaning Text Theory,and Distribution of Corpus Analysis.Research shows that Neostructuralist Semantics starts its research points from the following twostandpoints:the distinguishing of the language knowledge and the encyclopedic knowledge,the possible meanings of the formalized language.It makes a more comprehensive answer to Paradis’s five fundamental issues in Lexical Semantics①,②,④,while it partly answers the issue③on storage instead of acquisition;however,as to the issue⑤,it only answers synchronic semantic changes,which is especially shown in Generative Lexicon Theory,which based upon Generative Semantics,develops a more specific and richer generative mechanism in semantics.It is pointed out that every school of lexical semantics study only some aspects of lexicon,so that they has deficiencies in both explanatory adequacy and representational adequacy.Thus,different disciplines and every school in the same discipline need to learn from each other in the future,and the benefits of mutual interaction might be helpful for the construction of integration model of semantics research,which might have mutual contribution to the explanatory adequacy,as well as the representational adequacy.The author believes that this essay is conducive to language teaching,dictionary compilation and Natural language processing.

关 键 词：词汇语义学的根本问题 新结构主义语义学 生成词库理论 概念语义学 融合模型 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]