黑死病前英国农民生活水平探究——以豆类的消费为考察对象  

Investigation on the Living Standard of Peasant before Black Death--Legume as the Main Research Object

作　　者：陈立军[1] CHEN Li-jun(Institute of European civilization,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387)

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学欧洲文明研究院,天津300387

出　　处：《中国农史》2020年第4期72-83,共12页Agricultural History of China

摘　　要：黑死病前,英国农民的食物消费主要是以植物源性为主,其中,豆类的作用不容忽视。它不仅满足了广大贫民的食物需求,而且还为他们提供了日常所需的蛋白质。但是,豆类必须与谷物类食物相结合才能发挥其最大的作用。只有当豆类与谷物的比例达到最佳比例(豆类占17%)时,其饮食结构才能达到健康的饮食标准。本文通过对英国乡村社会中的雇工、老人以及小土地持有者这些下层民众所消费粮食的统计分析后认为,黑死病前的英国农民基本上都达到了这一标准。这一结论表明,尽管黑死病前英国出现了人口高峰,但是,豆类的普遍种植确保了他们的生活水平仍然处于健康的状态。Before the black death,the food consumption of British peasant was mainly plant-based,among which the role of legumes could not be ignored.It not only meets the food needs of the vast majority of the poor,but also provides them with their daily needs of protein.But legumes have to be combined with grains to do their best work.A healthy diet can only be achieved when the optimal ratio of legumes to grains(17%)is achieved.Based on the statistical analysis of the food consumed by the underclass in the British rural society,such as the servant,the old man and the small landowner,this paper believes that the British peasant before the black death basically met this standard.This conclusion suggests that despite the peak population in Britain before the black death,the widespread cultivation oflegumes ensured that their standard of living remained healthy.

关 键 词：英国 黑死病 农民 豆类 豆类与谷物最佳比 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学] K207[历史地理—历史学]