古典经史与理想政治——中国现代思想史上的“王莽问题”  

Ancient Classics and Ideal Politics: The“Wang Mang issue”in Modern Chinese Thought

作　　者：周展安[1] Zhou Zhan'an(College of Liberal Arts,Shanghai University)

机构地区：[1]上海大学文学院

出　　处：《开放时代》2020年第5期150-169,M0007,共21页Open Times

摘　　要：本文着眼于中国现代思想史上重新评价王莽新政的现象,特别选择蒙文通、吕思勉、钱穆在不同经史脉络中对王莽的重构进行研究。对于蒙文通,王莽是秦汉今文经学思想的实践者;对于吕思勉,王莽是先秦以来批判思想与古文经改制思想的实践者;对于钱穆,王莽是"齐学"和"鲁学"汇合之变法禅贤思想的实践者。在这三位经史学家笔下,传统经史的理想性、中国史自身的活力、革命与古典经史之间的关系等问题都汇集在"王莽"这个符号上。本文将这些问题概括为"王莽问题",由此分别梳理三位经史学家围绕"王莽"所铺展的知识脉络,挖掘这些知识脉络各自的思想和政治内涵,进而展现中国现代思想家对于古典经史激进重构的苦心孤诣,以及将古典经史与理想政治相勾连的可能与限度,为当代历史条件下重新思考"文明与革命"这一课题提供镜鉴。This paper focuses on how Wang Mang's New Deal were re-evaluated in the history of modern Chinese thought,with special reference to the reconstructions of Wang Mang in different classic and historical contexts by Meng Wentong,Lu Simian,and Qian Mu.For Meng Wentong,Wang Mang was a practitioner of the New-Text school of Confucianism in the Qin and Han Dynasties.For Lu Simian,Wang Mang was a practitioner of critical thinking and the ideas of institutional reformation enshrined in the Old Text of Confucianism since the pre-Qin period.For Qian Mu,Wang Mang was a practitioner of the idea of abdication to the wise which was a combined moral injunction of the Qi and Lu schools.In the writings of these three historians,the idealism of traditional classics,the vitality of Chinese history,the relationship between revolution and ancient classics,etc.,all converged on what the name of“Wang Mang”symbolizes.This paper summarizes these issues as“the Wang Mang issue”and,by sorting out the knowledge lines laid out by the three historians around Wang Mang and excavating the respective ideological and political underpinnings of these knowledge lines,attempts to show how modern Chinese thinkers have radically reconstructed ancient classics and to what extent can the ancient classics be linked up with ideal politics.It is hoped that this study will provide some lessons for any reflection on the topic of“civilization and revolution”under new historical circumstances.

关 键 词：古典经史 理想政治 王莽问题 

分 类 号：B26[哲学宗教—中国哲学]