汉英主题结构的典型特征束:基于口语语料库的话语分析  

Typological Property Cluster of Chinese and English Topic Constructions:A Discourse Analysis Based on Spoken Corpora

作　　者：李银美 袁凤识[1] LI Yinmei;YUAN Fengshi

机构地区：[1]北方工业大学文法学院,北京100144

出　　处：《外语与外语教学》2020年第4期124-137,F0003,共15页Foreign Languages and Their Teaching

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学基金项目“认知语法视角下汉英主题结构的现实性与时空互动研究”(项目编号:20YJC740025);北京社会科学基金项目“认知互动视角下汉英日主题结构的跨语言研究”(项目编号:18YYC018);北京教委科研项目“英汉主题结构的认知模式研究”(项目编号:SM201910009002)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：主题结构的研究成果丰富,但不同结构在汉英语言中的话语表现尚存明显分歧。本文构建了一个主题原型范畴考察的典型特征束,以汉英随意性自然口语对话为语料,分析汉英四类主题结构的使用倾向。研究发现,汉语主题结构使用频率较高,不同结构在主题指称义和回指性上表现分立,但均易成为后续话语的凸显主题,具有较高的预指性,汉语主题的话语属性突出;英语主题结构使用频率较低,不同结构在主题指称义和回指性上表现接近,但在预指性上表现不同,英语主题的语法特征更为突出。主题结构的原型分析表明主题结构间不具有完全的替换关系。Though there have been abundant achievements on research of topic constructions,no consensus has been reached on their discourse features in Chinese and English.The present study constructed a property cluster for the typological analysis of topic constructions.Data from casual conversation corpora were analyzed in order to investigate use tendencies of four types of Chinese and English topic constructions.It found that Chinese topic constructions were frequently used.They had different tendencies on their topic definiteness and anaphoric property.However,topics in Chinese were easy to persist in anticipatory discourse,resulting in a high cataphoric property.These features make Chinese topic a discourse feature.Meanwhile,English topic constructions were less frequently used.Its topic constructions were neutralized in definiteness and anaphoric properties of topics,even though they were different in cataphoric properties.These features make English topic a grammatical feature.The prototypical analysis on topic constructions shows that there is no absolute substitution relation between different topic constructions.

关 键 词：主题结构 典型特征束 有定性 回指性 预指性 

分 类 号：H0[语言文字—语言学]