船舶碰撞侵权行为定性之法理分析--以侵权责任法原理为基础展开  

Jurisprudential Analysis on the Nature of Tort in Collision

作　　者：曲涛 Qu Tao

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学国际法学院

出　　处：《东方法学》2020年第5期84-94,共11页Oriental Law

摘　　要：船舶碰撞是以船舶作为工具或载体的侵权行为,其本质上,并非物的侵权,而是人的侵权。一方面,船舶碰撞不适用侵权责任法一般条款,而应由海商法“船舶碰撞”章予以特别调整。从法律适用、责任形态、赔偿原则诸方面分析,船舶碰撞均具有不同于一般侵权行为的特殊性。因此,按照侵权责任法的一般原则,应将其定性为特殊侵权行为。另一方面,船舶碰撞侵权行为的发生,主要是因船长、船员在执行船舶航行任务时的不当行为所致,不过船长、船员作为行为主体,其过失行为所致的侵权责任应由船舶所有人等作为责任主体代替行为主体承担。依据侵权责任法一般原理,船舶碰撞又可定性为准侵权行为中他人的加害行为。Ship collision is a kind of tort that takes ship as a tool or medium,the essence of which is the tort caused by person rather than property.On the one hand,the general provisions of the Tort Liability Law of PRC shall not apply to the tort of ship collision,which is specially regulated by Chapter"ship collision"of the Maritime Lawof PRC.Analyzing from the law application,the shapes of tortious liability,or the principle of compensation,the tort of ship collision has the particularity differing from ordinary acts of tort.Therefore,according to the general principle of tort liability law,it should be defined as one of the specific torts.On the other hand,the occurrence of the tort of ship collision is mainly caused by the improper behavior of the Master or crew members in the process of navigating and managing the ship,however,as the behavior subject,the Master and the crew members assume no responsibility while the owner of the ship and other employers take the vicarious liability.Hence the tort of ship collision can be defined as tortious action of others in quasi-delict according to the general principle of tort law.

关 键 词：船舶碰撞 特殊侵权行为 准侵权行为 他人的加害行为 海商法 过失行为 

分 类 号：DF96[政治法律—国际法学]