民族原则如何影响国家疆界——基于马克思主义经典作家文献的阐释  

How the Principle of Nationalities Affected National Boundaries:An Elaboration Based on Marxist Classic Writers’Literature

作　　者：冯建勇[1] Jianyong Feng

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学边疆研究院,金华321004

出　　处：《世界民族》2020年第4期1-9,共9页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金：国家民委委托课题“新时代中国边疆民族治理理论研究”(2019-GME-064)阶段性成果;国家社科基金重大招标项目“中国疆域最终奠定的路径与模式研究”(15ZDB028)资助。

摘　　要：18-19世纪的欧洲,"民族原则"(principle of nationalities)已然成为最有力的政治思想之一。按照这一原则,每个民族(nationality)都应该有自己的国家,因此每个民族都应该把自己同一个国家联系在一起,另一方面,也应该充分地组成一个国家。然而,马克思主义经典作家的相关论述表明,"每一个民族都应构建自己的国家"的假设搅乱了欧洲大陆,引起大国间的纵横捭阖,进而导致各国边界的变迁:无论是法国的"自然疆界论",德国的"中欧大国论",抑或俄国的"泛斯拉夫主义",均以维护"民族原则"为口号,用以体面地掩盖自身的大国领土、疆界扩张政策。从实际情况来看,正如恩格斯所批判的那样,新建立的国家仅仅在理论上是一个单一民族国家,事实上,他们和欧洲历史上的君主制一样,都是多民族的。In the 18th and 19th century Europe, the "principle of nationalities" had become one of the most powerful political ideas. According to this principle, every nationality should have its own state, and each nationality should link itself with a nation-state. On the other hand, it had every reason to fully constitute a nation-state. Relevant expositions by Marxist classic writers showed that the hypothesis that every nationality should build its own nation-state had disturbed the European continent and caused great strife and contention among the great powers, thus leading to changes of the borders of various countries. Whether it was the "natural boundary" theory of France, the "Central European power" theory of Germany, or the "Pan-Slavism" theory of Russia, they were all used, in the name of upholding the "principle of nationality", to decently cover up their policy of territorial and boundary expansion. In fact, as Engels criticized, the newly created states were only single-nationality states in theory;but in reality, they were multi-ethnic just like the monarchies in European history.

关 键 词：民族原则 国家疆界 自然疆界论 泛斯拉夫主义 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]