下城区2011—2017年学校诺如病毒聚集性疫情流行特征分析  

Analysis on epidemic characteristics of norovirus outbreaks in schools in Xiacheng District from 2011 to 2017

作　　者：桂娟娟 寿钧[1] 朱建慧[1] 周晓红[1] 席胜军[1] 吕鑫[1] GUI Juan-juan;SHOU Jun;ZHU Jian-hui;ZHOU Xiao-hong;XI Sheng-jun;LV Xin(Xiacheng District Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Hangzhou City,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310000,China)

机构地区：[1]杭州市下城区疾病预防控制中心,浙江杭州310000

出　　处：《中国公共卫生管理》2020年第4期570-573,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health Management

摘　　要：目的分析下城区学校诺如病毒聚集性疫情流行特征,为诺如病毒疫情防控提供参考依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法分析疫情流行特征,采用t检验或非参数检验比较组间差异,采用Spearman相关分析探究影响诺如病毒疫情规模和持续时间的危险因素。结果 2011—2017年下城区学校及托幼机构共报告诺如病毒聚集性疫情22起,均集中在单一班级,班级平均罹患率为34.72%。疫情规模平均11.77例/起;首例病例发病至疫情报告的时间间隔平均为2天;疫情持续时间平均3天;基本再生数(Basic Reproduction Number,R0)平均9.37。疫情以诺如病毒GⅡ型为主,传播途径主要为人传人。不同学校类型及不同传播途径疫情动力学特征差异无统计学意义。首例病例发病至疫情报告的时间间隔与疫情持续时间呈正相关(rs=0.78,P<0.05)。结论诺如病毒易在学校和托幼机构引起较大规模疫情,需在疫情早期针对传染源、传播途径等关键环节采取各项防控措施。Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of norovirus outbreaks in schools and kindergartens in Xiacheng District, and to provide the reference for prevention and control of norovirus outbreaks. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze epidemic characteristics, the difference between different groups was compared with t test or nonparametric test, and Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to analyze the risk factors influencing the scale and duration of norovirus outbreaks. Results A total of 22 norovirus outbreaks were reported in schools and kindergartens in Xiacheng District from 2011 to 2017, these outbreaks were all concentrated in the single class, and the average attack rate was 37.42%. The epidemic scale was with an average of 11.77. The average time interval from the first case onset to the reporting of the outbreak was 2 days, and with an average duration of the outbreak was 3 days. The mean of the Basic Reproduction Number(R0) was 9.37. The outbreaks were mainly caused by norovirus type GⅡ, and the main transmission route was through person to person. There was no significant difference in epidemic dynamics characteristics between different school types and different transmission routes. The time interval from the first case onset to the reporting of the epidemic was positively correlated with the duration of the epidemic(rs=0.78, P<0.05). Conclusion It is easier for norovirus to cause large-scale outbreaks in schools and kindergartens. It is necessary to adopt various prevention and control measures against the key links, such as the source of infection and transmission routes, in the early stage of the epidemic.

关 键 词：诺如病毒疫情 动力学特征 基本再生数 传播途径 

分 类 号：R373.2[医药卫生—病原生物学]