圣哲的衣装——半偏袒式袈裟溯源  

Sage’s Gown: Tracing The Dressing Origin of The Buddhist Statue in Kasaya with Right Shoulder Partly-Draped

作　　者：王云[1] Wang Yun

机构地区：[1]中央美术学院人文学院

出　　处：《故宫博物院院刊》2020年第8期25-42,108,共19页Palace Museum Journal

摘　　要：作者针对佛像的半偏袒式袈裟形制,在反思先行研究及其所面临困境的基础上,以现存实物材料的图像与表现形式的探讨为主,文献查证为辅,得出以下结论 :1、中国早期石窟中的佛像半偏袒式袈裟形制,承袭的是犍陀罗、阿富汗地区4-5世纪的传统;2、赞同阿·富歇、约翰·马歇尔的观点,认为犍陀罗、阿富汗佛像袈裟半偏袒式的图像来自古希腊,是希玛纯众多的穿着方式之一。其表现手法是中亚风格化表现传统与希腊写实主义相遇的结果;3、半偏袒式在西方也有发展,被犹太教和基督教美术同时借用为圣者的外衣,并且延续至今。总之,希玛纯作为古希腊的祭司、哲学家和政要的高规格服装,被佛教、犹太教、基督教美术同时借用,经历了一个由世俗走向神圣的过程。This article traces the history of Kasaya robe worn by Buddhist statues with the right shoulder partly draped reviewing the previous research results and the issues and analyzing the historical materials such as the literatures, images and what are presented in them, coming to the following conclusion: The Buddha statue dressed this way in the earlier grottoes of China was shaped after the regional traditions of Gandhāra and Afghanistan of the 4 t h and 5 t h centuries. Second, Alfred Foucher’s and John Marshall’s point is agreed by the thesis that such dressing style of the Buddhism statue in Gandhāra and Afghan derived from Ancient Greece, it was one of the ways himation is worn as the result of the joining of the Central Asian stylization and Hellenistic realism. Third, this dressing motif also evolved in the West, where it was borrowed for the sage’s gown in Jewish and Christian art to the day. In a word, himation, a type of cloak draped around the body, worn by the priests, philosophers and statesmen for its high specification in Ancient Greece, taken into the fine arts of Buddhism, Judaism and Christianism, went through a process from the secular to the sacred.

关 键 词：半偏袒式 袈裟 希玛纯 古希腊 佛教 犹太教 基督教 

分 类 号：B920[哲学宗教—宗教学] TS941.12[轻工技术与工程—服装设计与工程]