论东罗马帝国皇帝阿卡狄乌斯的“托孤”  

On Eastern Roman Emperor Arcadius's“Entrusting an Orphan”

作　　者：徐进伟[1] 徐晓旭[1] XU Jin-wei;XU Xiao-xu(School of History, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学历史学院,北京100872

出　　处：《史学集刊》2020年第5期111-119,共9页Collected Papers of History Studies

基　　金：丹麦范岁久基金会(S.C.Van Fonden)资助(1708)。

摘　　要：公元408年东罗马皇帝阿卡狄乌斯去世前立下遗嘱,把其幼子提奥多西乌斯二世托付给自己的宿敌萨珊波斯国王伊嗣俟一世。阿卡狄乌斯“托孤”于宿敌,一方面是由于罗马帝国东西部分裂离心严重、关系紧张,帝国东部不会把帝国西部当作自己的支持者;另一方面是由于此时的东罗马与萨珊波斯的关系较为缓和,使阿卡狄乌斯有可能把幼子和帝国托付给萨珊国王。对萨珊波斯国王伊嗣俟一世而言,此前萨珊波斯在与罗马的较量过程中,其领土和经济诉求都得到了极大满足,同时,萨珊波斯自身也面临着内外矛盾,他没有理由主动打破和平局面。阿卡狄乌斯“托孤”事件的完美结局,不仅使罗马帝国东部的统治实现了平稳过渡,也对晚期古代基督教在东方的发展具有重要的促进意义,对晚期古代东西方贸易交流产生了重要影响,并为晚期古代国家关系的改变提供了一种新范式。In the year of 408 AD,Arcadius,the Eastern Roman Emperor,made a will before his death,in which his young son Theodosius II was entrusted to his rival Isdigerdes I,the King of Sassanid Empire.Arcadius entrusted his young son to his rival,on the one hand,was due to the tension and separation between the Eastern Roman Empire and the Western Roman Empire,which led to the Eastern Roman Empire not regarding the Western Roman Empire as its supporter;on the other hand,it was due to the relationship between the Eastern Roman empire and the Sassanid Empire was more moderate,which made it possible for Arcadius to entrust his young son and his empire to the king of Sassanid Empire.For Isdigerdes I,the King of Sassanid Empire,Sassanid Persian's territorial and economic demands were greatly realized during the contest with Rome.At the same time,the Sassanid Empire itself was suffering from internal disputes and external crises as well,Isdigerdes I had no reason to break the peace initiatively.The perfect ending of Arcadius'entrustment not only made the ruling of the Eastern Roman Empire to achieve a smooth transition,but also played an important role in promoting the development of the Christianity in the East during the Late Antiquity.It had also an important influence on the trade between the East and the West in the Late Antiquity,and provided a new paradigm for the change of relations between the countries during the Late Antiquity as well.

关 键 词：东罗马帝国 萨珊波斯 “托孤” 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]