影响荷斯坦牛繁殖力及犊牛健康的遗传缺陷基因研究进展  

Genetic Defect Genes Affecting Cow Fertility and Calf Survivability in Holstein Cattle

作　　者：张毅[1] 孙东晓[1] 肖炜 张胜利[1] ZHANG Yi;SUN Dongxiao;XIAO Wei;ZHANG Shengli(College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Beijing Animal Husbandry Station,Beijing 100107,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学动物科学技术学院,北京100193 [2]北京市畜牧总站,北京100107

出　　处：《中国畜牧杂志》2020年第8期1-8,共8页Chinese Journal of Animal Science

基　　金：北京市奶牛产业创新团队项目(BAIC06);现代农业(奶牛)产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-37)。

摘　　要：荷斯坦牛经高强度选育,其产奶性能不断提升,但近交导致遗传缺陷问题凸显。近年来,基因组SNP芯片广泛应用于奶牛基因组选择育种,随着大规模的基因组标记数据积累,新的遗传缺陷基因定位策略被提出,利用全基因组测序技术在荷斯坦牛中鉴定出多种遗传缺陷单倍型和基因,均导致胚胎早期死亡或犊牛出生缺陷。本文概述了荷斯坦牛遗传缺陷的种类、基因定位、分子检测和经济影响的研究进展,同时展望了缺陷基因研究及育种应用的前景。Holstein is the dominant breed of dairy cattle in the world. Intense selection of elite sires has achieved significant genetic improvement of milk production traits. However, accumulation of inbreeding and prevalence of deleterious recessive alleles have become serious concerns in dairy cattle. In the past decade, application of genome-wide SNP arrays for genomic selection in Holstein has resulted in the availability of large-scale genomic SNP data, which enables new strategy for mapping genetic defects. Meanwhile, whole-genome resequencing facilitates efficient identification of causative mutations. Thanks to these technical advances, several new genetic defects affecting embryonic development and calf survivability have been identified in Holstein cattle. This paper provides a brief overview of genetic defects in Holstein cattle and gives outlook for future prospects in defect gene mapping and genetic management.

关 键 词：胚胎致死突变 隐性遗传缺陷 荷斯坦牛 近交 纯合子缺失 

分 类 号：S823.3[农业科学—畜牧学]