独生子女政策与消失的企业家精神  

China’s One-Child Policy and the Missing Entrepreneurship

作　　者：陈刚[1,2] CHEN Gang(Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing,China)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学经济学院,401120 [2]西南政法大学制度经济学研究中心,401120

出　　处：《经济学动态》2020年第7期84-98,共15页Economic Perspectives

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“居民财产性收入的促增与公平分配机制研究”(12CJL022)资助。

摘　　要：个性特征是企业家精神的重要根源,而缘于缺少兄弟姐妹的社会互动和资源稀释,独生子女可能有更低的风险容忍,更缺乏竞争精神和更不信任他人等个性特征,进而使得他们也更缺乏企业家精神。本文使用2008年中国家庭收入调查(CHIP)数据进行研究发现:独生子女的创业概率和创业意愿都显著低于非独生子女,使用模糊断点回归克服潜在的内生性之后,以上发现依然成立;平均而言,与非独生子女相比,独生子女的创业概率要低3.7个百分点左右,创业意愿要低1.8个百分点左右。进一步对独生子女个性特征的估计也如预期,独生子女在风险容忍、竞争精神和信任等个性特征上的表现都比非独生子女更差,而这些个性特征都显著地提高了居民的创业概率和创业意愿,是造成独生子女比非独生子女更缺乏企业家精神的重要根源。这意味着,曾经的独生子女政策在一定程度上抑制了企业家精神的繁荣。Personality traits is one of the main roots of entrepreneurship,but due to the lack of social interactions and resource dilution among siblings,single children tend to be more risk averse,less competitive and less trustful.Using the 2008 CHIP data and the fuzzy regression discontinuity design,this paper finds that single children’s entrepreneurship is significantly lower than that of non-single children.On average,compared with non-single children,single children’s probability of being entrepreneurs is 3.7 percent lower than that of non-single children,and being potential entrepreneurs is 1.8 percent lower.Furthermore,single children perform worse than non-single children in some personality traits as expected.For instance,single children are more risk averse,less competitive and less trustful,which could decrease the probability of being entrepreneurs and potential entrepreneurs significantly.It means that the former one-child policy might suppress entrepreneurship to some extent.

关 键 词：独生子女 个性特征 企业家精神 模糊断点回归 

分 类 号：F272.91[经济管理—企业管理]