“原官授之”考  

A Study of the“Conferred the Original Office”Policy

作　　者：尹宁[1] 游俊[1] YIN Ning;YOU Jun(School of History and Culture of Jishou University,Jishou,Hunan 416000,China)

机构地区：[1]吉首大学历史与文化学院,湖南吉首416000

出　　处：《贵州民族研究》2020年第8期105-112,共8页Guizhou Ethnic Studies

基　　金：2018年国家社科基金重大招标项目“中国土司制度通史(多卷本)”(项目编号:18ZDA173);湖南省教育厅重点项目“明代保靖土司的国家认同研究”(编号:17A177)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：明代初年,西南土司先后来降。对于前来归降的土司,明廷以“原官授之”作为对其初次授职的基本原则。所谓“原官”,主要指元廷或元末农民政权授予少数民族首领的官职。然而,“原官授之”并非无条件地授以土职,提供前朝授职的凭证是其得到授职的先决条件。而从授职的具体情况来看,原官授予的情况虽不在少数,但改授的情况更加常见。可见,明廷对于归降土司的初次授职虽以“原官授之”为基本准则,但并非唯一标准,其统一天下的进程、制度完善的程度、土司的实力及表现也是重要的参考标准。务实的授职政策在促进明代国家统一、维护民族团结、推动民族融合方面发挥了重要作用。At the beginning of Ming Dynasty,the southwest Tusi surrendered successively.The Ming government accorded their original office to confer their first office.By“original office”,it means the office which Yuan Dynasty or peasant regime conferred.However,“conferred the original office”did not mean confer original office unconditionally.The prerequisite was providing the evidence which previous dynasty conferred.From the specific situation,the case of conferring original office was not in the minority,but the case of conferring different office was more common.It was clear that conferring original office was the basic standard but not the sole standard when Ming Dynasty conferred the office to Tusi.It related to Ming Dynasty unification of the whole country's progress,the maturity of institution,the strength and performance of Tusi.The pragmatic conferring office police promoted national unity,mainained national solidarity,drived national fusion.

关 键 词：明初 土司 职官制度 原官授之 

分 类 号：D621[政治法律—政治学]