晚播和播量对油菜农艺性状及产量的影响  

Effect of Late Sowing and Seeding Rates on the Agronomic Traits and Yield of Rapeseed

作　　者：张杏燕 宋波 李德富 郭永华[1] 董军刚[1] ZHANG Xingyan;SONG Bo;LI Defu;GUO Yonghua;DONG Jungang(College of Agronomy,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2020年第9期1364-1371,共8页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：陕西省科技攻关项目(2016NY-003)。

摘　　要：为了明确晚播和播量对油菜农艺性状和产量的影响,为油菜机械化生产提供科学依据,以甘蓝型油菜主推新品种‘陕油28’(矮秆抗倒伏)和主栽品种‘秦优7号’(高秆不抗倒伏)为材料,设置3播期和5播量的二因素裂区试验,分析其对油菜成株密度、农艺性状、产量及产量构成的影响。结果表明:随着播期推迟,油菜成株密度增加,株高、分枝数、主花序长、主花序有效角果数显著降低,分枝高度显著增加,单株有效角果数、每角粒数、千粒质量显著降低,群体角果数、群体产量显著降低。随着播量增加,油菜成株密度增加,株高、分枝数、主花序长、主花序有效角果数显著降低,分枝高度显著增加,单株有效角果数、每角粒数显著减少,千粒质量变化不显著,群体角果数和群体产量先增后减。‘陕油28’‘秦优7号’群体角果数和群体产量最大值对应的播量分别为5.56~6.67 kg/hm^2、4.44 kg/hm^2。播期对‘陕油28’产量的影响小于对‘秦优7号’的影响。由此可见,晚播导致油菜农艺性状变劣、产量降低。播期和播量对产量的影响存在品种差异。‘陕油28’的耐密性和耐迟播能力优于‘秦优7号’,播期9月21日和播量5.56 kg/hm^2是‘陕油28’播种的最佳组合,对应成株密度46.24万株/hm^2,可获得最高小区产量4811.35 kg/hm^2,晚播条件下,播量6.67 kg/hm^2(对应成株密度67.65万株/hm^2)对产量有较强的补偿作用。In order to clarify the effects of late sowing and seeding rates on the agronomic traits and yield of rapeseed,so as to provide data for mechanized cultivation and harvest of rapeseed,with Brassica napus‘Shaanyou 28’(low stem and lodging-resistant)and‘Qinyou 7(high stem and no lodging-resistant)as materials,two-factor split plot experiment of three sowing dates and five sowing rates were conducted to evaluate the effects of late sowing and seeding rates on density,agronomic characters,yield and its components of rapeseed.The results showed that the plant density increased with the delay of sowing date,but plant height,number of branches,length of main inflorescence and silique number on main inflorescence decreased significantly,except that altitude of the lowest branches increased significantly.With the delay of sowing date,silique number per plant,seeds per silique,1000-seed weight and effective pod numbers per hectare reduced obviously,and this resulted in decrease of seed yield.The plant density increased with the increase of seeding rate,while the plant height,the number of branches,the length of main inflorescence and silique numbers on main inflorescence reduced significantly,except that branch height increased significantly.With the increase of seeding rate,the number of effective siliques per plant and seeds per silique decreased obviously,but 1000-seed weight changed little.Effective pod numbers per hectare and yield increased first and then declined with the increase of seeding rate.Under the sowing amount of 5.56-6.67 kg/hm^2,‘Shaanyou 28’had the maximum effective pods per hectare and the highest yield,under the seeding rate of 4.44 kg/hm^2,‘Qinyou 7’had the maximum effective pods per hectare and the highest yield the late sowing resulted in worse agronomic traits and lower yield.There were genotype differences between sowing date and sowing rate on rapeseed yield.The effect of sowing date delay on the yield of‘Shaanyou 28’was smaller than that on‘Qinyou 7’.‘Shaanyou 28’had s

关 键 词：油菜 晚播 播量 农艺性状 产量 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]