从缓刑适用角度反思我国亲属证人拒证权——基于562个样本案件的实证分析  

Rethinking the Privilege of Relative Witnesses to Refuse Testimony from the Perspective of Probation Application In China--Empirical Analysis Based on 562 Sample Cases

作　　者：童姿 TONG Zi(Hunan University,Changsha,Hunan,410082)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学,湖南长沙410082

出　　处：《湖南警察学院学报》2020年第3期61-69,共9页Journal of Hunan Police Academy

摘　　要：完善我国亲属证人的拒证权利不仅是对我国古代"亲亲相隐"制度的史海钩沉,更是我国人权保障融入现代法治的一条必经之路。我国虽然没有明确专门关于刑事案件中亲属证人拒证权的法律规定,但在强制证人出庭的规定中排除了父母、配偶及子女的出庭作证义务,为亲属证人拒证权的完善打开了一个突破口。分析亲属证人的刑事程序权利和亲属证人拒证权存在的法理基础可以快速找到该制度在证据法上的定位,而探索妨害司法类犯罪中如何对亲属证人进行量刑和是否适用缓刑可以了解到我国司法实践中亲属证人因缺乏拒证权易被追诉和缺乏救济的问题。因此,应从实体和程序着手,完善权利主体范围和例外情形,来构建具有我国特色的亲属证人拒证权制度。Perfecting the privilege of relative witnesses to refuse testimony in China is not only a historical exploration of the ancient system of"tolerating and concealing between kinfolks",but also a necessary way for China’s human rights protection to integrate into the modern rule of law.Although China does not have any specific legal provisions on the privilege of relative witnesses to refuse testimony in criminal cases,the mandatory witness appearance rule excludes the obligation of parents,spouses,and children to testify in court,opening a breakthrough for the improvement of the right of relative witnesses to refuse testimony.Analyzing the legal basis of the criminal procedure right of relative witnesses and the right of relative witnesses to refuse testimony,we can quickly find the position of the system in the law of evidence,and explore how to punish relative witnesses in judicial crimes and whether probation is applicable,we can understand the problems of relative witnesses being prosecuted and lacking relief in judicial practice in China.Therefore,in order to build a system of the privilege of relative witnesses to refuse testimony with Chinese characteristics,we should improve the scope of the subject of rights and exceptions from entity and procedure.

关 键 词：拒证权 亲属证人 妨害司法 缓刑 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]