生态文明视角下采煤沉陷地的生态修复策略研究  

Study on Ecological Restoration Strategy of Coal Mining Subsidence from the Perspective of Ecological Civilization

作　　者：孙法印 王吉业 SUN Fa-yin;WANG Ji-ye(Department of City and Architecture Engineering,Zaozhuang University,Zaozhuang 277160,China)

机构地区：[1]枣庄学院城市与建筑工程学院,山东枣庄277160

出　　处：《枣庄学院学报》2020年第5期98-104,共7页Journal of Zaozhuang University

基　　金：山东省软科学资助项目(项目编号:2017RKB01380);枣庄市科学发展计划项目(项目编号:2018GX02).

摘　　要：不同采矿阶段实验区地表的沉陷深度、稳沉状况是动态的.采煤塌陷区土地利用变化的最大特征是原土地属性是耕地的转变为水域用地和建设用地,生态系统的演变特征是全陆生生态系统转变为水生生态系统或水陆复合型生态系统,生态破坏区的主要破坏特征是塌陷、裂缝和积水,生态影响区的主要破坏特征是廊道破坏,导致生态系统连通性破坏.基于采煤塌陷区和城市协调、可持续发展的核心目标,依托水域、土壤生态修复,地貌重塑,大气污染治理,植被群落恢复,废弃物利用等复合生态修复技术,建立陆生型生态区、水陆复合型生态区和水生型生态区.本文提出五种生态恢复模式,分别为:湿地生态涵养模式,适用于水生型生态区;新型农业综合发展模式,适用于陆生型生态区;生态工业园区模式,适合于陆生型生态区;生态休闲旅游模式,适用于水陆复合型生态区;以及城乡建设发展模式,适用于陆生型生态区.The subsidence depth and stability of the surface of the experimental area in different mining stages are dynamic;the most important feature of land use change in coal mining subsidence area is that the original land attribute is the conversion of cultivated land into water land and construction land;the evolution of ecosystem is characterized by whole land.The ecosystem is transformed into an aquatic ecosystem or a land-water complex ecosystem;the main destructive features of the ecologically damaged area are subsidence,cracks and stagnant water;the main feature of the ecologically affected area is the destruction of the corridor,leading to the destruction of ecosystem connectivity.Based on the core objectives of coal mining subsidence area and urban coordination and sustainable development,relying on water,soil ecological restoration,landform remodeling,air pollution control,vegetation community restoration,waste utilization and other complex ecological restoration techniques,the establishment of terrestrial ecological restoration area,the water-land complex ecological restoration area and the aquatic ecological restoration area propose five ecological restoration modes:wetland ecological conservation model,suitable for aquatic ecological restoration areas;new agricultural comprehensive development model,suitable for terrestrial ecological restoration areas;Industrial park mode,suitable for terrestrial ecological restoration areas;ecological leisure tourism mode,applicable to land and water-compatible ecological restoration areas;and urban and rural construction development mode,etc.

关 键 词：生态恢复 恢复策略 技术措施 生态恢复模式 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]