唐五代时期敦煌寺院经济管理的民主色彩  

The Democratic Style of the Economic Management of Dunhuang Temples during the Tang and Five Dynasties

作　　者：明成满 MING Chengman(School of Marxism,Huaiyin Normal University,Huaian,Jiangsu 223001)

机构地区：[1]淮阴师范学院马克思主义学院,江苏淮安223001

出　　处：《敦煌研究》2020年第4期89-97,共9页Dunhuang Research

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“敦煌史部文献整理与研究”(12AZS002)。

摘　　要：敦煌寺院经济文书展示了当时敦煌寺院经济管理的许多信息:全体僧众行使经济监督、审核权;沙弥可担任寺院的重要经管人员直岁;敦煌寺院经济实行集体管理;僧官任职须经僧众民主推选;寺院僧官的辞职、免职也须经徒众同意;当僧众和都僧统的意见相左时,都僧统往往也尊重僧众的意见;普通僧众和依附阶层可向僧官申诉以维护自己的经济利益;僧官任职期限短,轮流替换。通过这些信息我们可知,敦煌寺院经济管理具有明显的民主色彩,也在很大程度上反映了当时全国其他地区寺院经济管理的状况。The financial documents of Dunhuang Buddhist temples provide a lot of information about the economic management of these temples.All the monks of these temples had the right to examine or audit the economic records of the community,the finances of which were managed collectively rather than by a particular department.There was one position of acolyte that acted as a sort of financial administrator called zhisui(an official monastery title)that was elected by the community of monks,however.The organization of monastery administration,as well as official resignation and removal from posts,was often subject to the agreement of the monks,and even when the view of the monks differed from that of the dusengtong(the highest-ranking monastery official),the dusentong often chose to submit to the decision of the community.Each monk that was elected to an official position had a short tenure and the posts were held by turns.Finally,in the democratic spirit by which these religious communities were managed,ordinary monks of lower position had the right to appeal to the monk officials in order to maintain their own economic interests.To a large extent,the democratic style of administration in Dunhuang Buddhist temples reflects the economic management of other areas of the country at that time.

关 键 词：唐五代时期 敦煌 寺院经济 民主管理 

分 类 号：K870.6[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]