普通话儿童腭裂术后语流中二合元音发音缺陷类型分析  

Types of Diphthong Vowels Pronunciation Defects in Sentences of Post-Surgery Cleft Palate Children in Putonghua

作　　者：时秀娟[1] 焦雪琴 Shi Xiujuan;Jiao Xueqin(College of Literature,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387,China)

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学文学院,天津300387

出　　处：《现代语文》2020年第6期4-23,F0002,共21页Modern Chinese

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“汉语儿童腭裂术后语音缺陷的声学特征研究及矫治办法”(18BYY086)。

摘　　要：主要运用主观听辨和客观声学、生理(鼻化度)分析相结合的方法,对腭咽闭合完全(VPC)儿童和腭咽闭合不全(VPI)儿童语流中二合元音的发音表现进行细致描写,并与正常儿童进行比较。实验结果表明,腭裂儿童语流中二合元音发音缺陷的类型有:1.替代,包括韵头替代、韵腹替代。如:/uo/发为/uə/或/ou/;/au/发为/əu/;/yɛ/发为/iɛ/;/iɛ/发为/ia/;/ou/发为/əu/;/ei/发为/ai/。2.单元音化,如:/au/发为/a/或/ə/。3.鼻化或添加鼻尾/ŋ/,/ia/发为/iaŋ/。4.前响和后响二合元音均会出现含混不清的现象。与单字组相比,腭裂儿童语流中的发音错误更为突出,后响二合元音的鼻化度则相反。两组腭裂儿童相比,VPI组的情况比VPC组更差。对腭裂儿童二合元音偏误产生的原因进行了探究,提出了判断二合元音偏误的标准以及判断鼻化异常程度的鼻化度标准,认为后响二合元音是腭裂儿童二合元音矫治的重点。Based on detailed description and results of experiments focused respectively on the three aspects of perception,acoustics and nasalization,the types of diphthong vowel pronunciation defect in sentences in children with cleft palate with velopharyngeal closure(VPC)and velopharyngeal incompetence(VPI)after operation in Putonghua are classified:1.replacement,including vowel replacement and ventral replacement.For example,/uo/as/uə/,/au/as/əu/,/yɛ/as/iɛ/,/iɛ/as/ia/,/ou/as/əu/,/ei/as/ai/.2.monophthongization,For example,/au/as/a/or/ə/.3.Nasalization or adding nasal tail/ŋ/,/ia/as/iaŋ/.4.The disyllabic vowels of both front and back tones are ambiguous.Compared with the monosyllabic group,the pronunciation errors of cleft palate children in sentences were more significant,and the nasality of backward diphthong vowels was opposite.The situation of VPI group was worse than that of VPC group.This paper points out the causes of diphthong vowels errors in children with cleft palate,and puts forward the criteria for judging the pronunciation defects of diphthong vowels and the standard for judging the degree of abnormal nasalization.

关 键 词：腭裂语音 二合元音 听辨 鼻化度 共振峰 

分 类 号：H116.1[语言文字—汉语] R767.92[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科] R782.2[医药卫生—临床医学]