生态福利的三个问题——基于生态价值观的视角  

Three Issues of Ecological Welfare——Based on the Perspective of Ecological Values

作　　者：汤剑波[1] TANG Jian-bo(School of Public Administration,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou 310036,China)

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学公共管理学院,浙江杭州310036

出　　处：《南昌大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2020年第4期12-20,共9页Journal of Nanchang University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“生态福利的伦理研究”(15BZX116)。

摘　　要：生态福利是衡量人类福利状况的重要指标。在生态福利内涵的理解上,存在三个方面的重要问题:谁是享有生态福利的主体;谁是供给生态福利的主体;怎样提供生态福利。生态价值观上的差异深刻影响了对生态福利的理解以及对这三个问题的解答。人类中心主义坚持"人"的生态福利,非人类中心主义则主张"生态"的生态福利。虽然生态主义一般来说提倡生态区域主义或生态社群主义,但从实用主义角度出发,还是保留国家在提供生态福利上的作用。在迷信经济增长和绝对反对经济增长之间,可持续发展观提供了生态福利实现的一种路径。从人类中心主义出发,可持续是针对人类而言的可持续。从生态中心主义出发,可持续是针对所有生命形式乃至整个生态系统的可持续。一种"基于生态"审视人类生活状况的生态福利观,是否有必要进一步扩展到"以生态为中心"的生态福利观,仍然是一个开放性的争议问题。With the increasing attention to the quality of the ecological environment,ecological welfare has become one important indicators for measuring the welfare status.There are three dimensions for understanding ecological welfare:who is the subject of ecological welfare,who is the subject that supply ecological welfare,and how to provide ecological welfare.There are a lot of controversies about these three aspects in ecologism,and particularly ecologists values has profoundly affected the understanding of the connotation of ecological welfare.The ecological ethics of anthropocentrism insists the ecological welfare of“human”,while non-anthropocentrism insists ecological welfare of‘ecology’.Although ecologism,generally advocates eco-regionalism or eco-communism,it still retains the role of the state in dealing with environmental issues from a pragmatic perspective.Between blind worship of the economic growth and absolute opposition to economic growth,the view of sustainable development provides a way to realize ecological welfare,but from anthropocentrism,sustainability refers to sustainability for humans,from ecological centralism,sustainability refers to the sustainability of all forms of life in ecology and the whole ecosystem.Whether it is necessary to extend the concept of ecological welfare based on ecology to examine human living conditions is still an open controversial issue.

关 键 词：生态福利 生态福利主义 人类中心主义 非人类中心主义 

分 类 号：B829[哲学宗教—伦理学]