半自动拧取式菠萝采摘收集机的设计与分析  

Design and analysis of semi-automatic screw type pineapple picking-collecting machine

作　　者：傅旻[1,2] 李晨曦 郑兆启[1,2] FU Min;LI Chen-xi;ZHENG Zhao-qi(College of Mechanical Engineering,Tianjin University of Science and Technology,Tianjin 300222,China;Tianjin Key Laboratory of Integrated Design and Online Monitoring for Light Industry&Food Machinery and Equipment,Tianjin 300222,China)

机构地区：[1]天津科技大学机械工程学院,天津300222 [2]天津市轻工与食品工程机械装备集成设计与在线监控重点实验室,天津300222

出　　处：《工程设计学报》2020年第4期487-497,共11页Chinese Journal of Engineering Design

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31901824);天津市自然科学基金资助项目(19JCQNJC13600)。

摘　　要：为解决菠萝采摘作业中劳动力需求量大、人手易受伤以及成本高等问题,设计了一种半自动拧取式菠萝采摘收集机。首先,基于系统设计原理,综合利用凸轮、连杆、链轮链条等机构,完成了半自动拧取式菠萝采摘收集机的结构设计。然后,运用SolidWorks软件对半自动拧取式菠萝采摘收集机进行三维建模,对其剪式升降机构、爪臂平移机构、采摘机械爪和收集系统进行了参数设计与校核;运用SolidWorks软件中的Motion模块、Simulation模块以及MATLAB软件,对剪式升降机构、凸轮主轴和收集槽进行了运动学分析和静力学分析。最后,通过采摘收集试验来验证半自动拧取式菠萝采摘收集机的可行性。结果表明,该半自动拧取式菠萝采摘收集机的平均采摘收集效率可达17.99 s/株,不同采摘规模下采摘收集效率方差最大为0.070(s/株)2,说明该采摘收集机具有良好的工作稳定性。半自动拧取式菠萝采摘收集机操作简单,携带轻便,能有效满足小规模种植户的灵活采摘需求,具有较广阔的应用前景。In order to solve the problems of large labor demand,easy injury and high cost in pineapple picking operations,a semi-automatic screw type pineapple picking-collecting machine is proposed.Based on the system design principles,the structural design of the semi-automatic screw type pineapple picking-collecting machine was completed by comprehensively using cams,connecting rods,sprocket chains and other mechanisms.Firstly,the 3D model of semi-automatic screw type pineapple pickingcollecting machine was established by SolidWorks software,and the parameters of the scissor lifting mechanism,the claw arm translation mechanism,the picking mechanical claw and the collecting system were designed and verified.Through the Motion module,the Simulation module in the SolidWorks software and MATLAB software,the kinematic analysis and static analysis of the scissor lifting mechanism,the cam spindle and the collecting groove were carried out.Finally,a picking and collecting test was conducted to verify the feasibility of semi-automatic screw type pineapple picking-collecting machine.The results showed that the average picking and collecting efficiency of the semi-automatic screw type pineapple picking-collecting machine reached 17.99 s/plant,and the maximum variance of the picking and collecting efficiency under different picking scales was 0.07(s/plant)2,which indicated that this picking-collecting machine had good working stability.The semi-automatic screw type pineapple picking-collecting machine is easy to operate and portable,which can effectively meet the various flexible picking demands of small-scale growers and has a broad application prospect.

关 键 词：菠萝采摘收集机 结构设计 运动学分析 采摘收集效率 

分 类 号：TH122[机械工程—机械设计及理论]