城市生态系统:高度空间异质性  

Urban ecosystem:highly spatial heterogeneity

作　　者：王效科[1,2,3] 苏跃波 任玉芬 张红星[1,2] 孙旭 欧阳志云[1,2,3] WANG Xiaoke;SU Yuebo;REN Yufen;ZHANG Hongxing;SUN Xu;OUYANG Zhiyun(State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;Beijing Urban Ecosystem Research Station,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]中国科学院北京城市生态系统研究站,北京100085 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生态学报》2020年第15期5103-5112,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71533005);国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0503004)。

摘　　要：城市生态系统复杂性不但体现在人与自然复合关系上,而且体现在空间异质性上。不同于传统的内部相对均质的生态系统,城市生态系统的构成元素(建筑物、植被和水体)在类型、密度、人类干扰强度和社会经济生态功能等方面都存在着很大的空间差异,形成了城市生态系统内部的高度空间异质性。城市空间异质性描述多采用以斑块为基础的景观格局指数法和斑块分类法等。城市生态系统的高度空间异质性,表现在城乡梯度上,生态系统要素、结构、过程、功能和服务都呈现出一定的城乡变化梯度。还表现在各类城市要素和功能单元的破碎化分布上,形成了多层级的斑块化格局。因此,城市空间异质性研究可以采用城乡梯度范式和层级斑块动态范式。这将为城市生态系统内部空间分异规律研究和城市规划管理提供重要的方法学基础。The complexity of urban ecosystem is not only reflected in the compounding relationship between human and nature,but also in their spatial heterogeneity.Different from the traditional ecosystems with internal relative homogeneity,the elements(such as buildings,vegetation and water bodies)making up urban ecosystem have great spatial variations in type,density,human disturbance intensity and socio⁃economic ecological function,resulting in the highly spatial heterogeneity within urban ecosystem.Urban spatial heterogeneity are generally analyzed by methodologies of landscape pattern index and patch classification method.Urban spatial heterogeneity is characterized by both the urban⁃rural gradient of component,structures,processes,functions and services of urban ecosystem,and the fragmentation of various urban units with different biophysical and social⁃economic properties,i.e,spatial patch pattern.So both paradigms of urban⁃rural gradient and hierarchical patch dynamic are proposed for investigating urban spatial heterogeneity.The study will provide an important methodological basis for the study of spatial heterogeneity within urban ecosystems and the guidance for urban planning and management.

关 键 词：城市生态系统 空间异质性 城乡梯度 层级斑块动态 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学] TU984.113[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]