The Reference Genome of Tea Plant and Resequencing of 81 Diverse Accessions Provide Insights into Its Genome Evolution and Adaptation  

作　　者：Enhua Xia Wei Tong Yan Hou Yanlin An Linbo Chen Qiong Wu Yunlong Liu Jie Yu Fangdong Li Ruopei Li Penghui Li Huijuan Zhao Ruoheng Ge Jin Huang Ali Inayat Mallano Yanrui Zhang Shengrui Liu Weiwei Deng Chuankui Song Zhaoliang Zhang Jian Zhao Shu Wei Zhengzhu Zhang Tao Xia Chaoling Wei Xiaochun Wan 

机构地区：[1]State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China [2]Tea Research Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Menghai 666201,China [3]Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwestern China,Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650204,China

出　　处：《Molecular Plant》2020年第7期1013-1026,共14页分子植物（英文版）

基　　金：This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD1000601 and 2019YFD1001601);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31800180);the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province of China(1908085MC75);the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2017M621992);and the special funds for tea germplasm garden construction(2060502 and 201834040003).

摘　　要：Tea plant is an important economic crop,which is used to produce the world's oldest and most widely consumed tea beverages.Here,we present a high-quality reference genome assembly of the tea plant(Camellia sinensis var.sinensis)consisting of 15 pseudo-chromosomes.LTR retrotransposons(LTR-RTs)account for 70.38%of the genome,and we present evidence that LTR-RTS play critical roles in genome size expansion and the transcriptional diversification of tea plant genes through preferential insertion in promoter regions and introns.Genes,particularly those coding for terpene biosynthesis pro-teins,associated with tea aroma and stress resistance were significantly amplified through recent tandem duplications and exist as gene clusters in tea plant genome.Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences of 81 tea plant accessions with diverse origins revealed three well-differentiated tea plant populations,support-ing the proposition for the southwest origin of the Chinese cultivated tea plant and its later spread to western Asia through introduction.Domestication and modern breeding left significant signatures on hundreds of genes in the tea plant genome,particularly those associated with tea quality and stress resis-tance.The genomic sequences of the reported reference and resequenced tea plant accessions provide valuable resources for future functional genomics study and molecular breeding of improved cul-tivars of tea plants.

关 键 词：tea plant comparative genomics genome evolution adaptive evolution tea quality 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工] Q943.2[农业科学—作物学]