玉米大豆套作窄行距对作物竞争效应及物质分配的影响  

Effects of narrow row spacing on crop competition and substance distribution under maize-soybean relay strip intercropping

作　　者：王贝贝 廖敦平[1] 范元芳[1] 王仲林 张佳伟 雍太文[1] 王小春[1] 刘卫国[1] 杨文钰[1] 杨峰[1] WANG bei-bei;LIAO dun-ping;FAN yuan-fang;WANG zhong-lin;ZHANG jia-wei;YONG tai-wen;WANG xiao-chun;LIU wei-guo;YANG wen-yu;YANG feng(College of Agronomy/Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System,Sichuan Agricul-tural University,Chengdu 611130,china)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院/作物带状复合种植工程技术研究中心,四川成都611130

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2020年第5期734-742,共9页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300209)。

摘　　要：为明确行距配置对作物竞争效应和物质分配的影响,本研究以玉米-大豆带状套作系统为对象,设置不同窄行距配置以及隔根处理,结果表明:各处理间,玉米植株的竞争强度随窄行距增加而逐渐减小至趋于平稳,大豆竞争强度增幅为33.14%~36.31%;玉米的全竞争强度(EFC)、地上竞争强度(ESC)与窄行距呈反比,大豆全竞争强度(EFC)和地上竞争强度(ESC)一致表现为:40cm<80cm<100cm;玉米营养器官干物质的转移率和对籽粒的贡献率表现为窄行距从20 cm增加至100 cm,转移率增幅为11.0%~20.5%,贡献率为13.5%~27.0%;大豆营养器官干物质转移率降低17.5%~28.5%,贡献率降低52.0%~71.0%。各窄行距于40cm处系统竞争达到平衡,可协调带状套作下玉米和大豆竞争互补以及物质分配。To determinate the specific row spacing on crop competition effect and the influence of material distribution,this research studied different narrow row spacing and the root treatment by maize-soybean strip interplanting system.The results showed that maize plant competition strength decreased with the increase of narrow row spacing,and gradually became steady.Meanwhile,soybean plant competition strength increased by 33.14%~36.31%.The full competition intensity(EFC)and above-ground competition intensity(ESC)of maize were inversely proportional to the narrow row spacing.EFC and ESC of soybean were consistent as follows:40cm<80cm<100cm.The transfer rate of dry matter from vegetative organs and the contribution rate to grains of maize showed that the narrow row spacing widened from 20 cm to 100 cm,the transfer rate increased by 11.0%~20.5%,and the contribution rate was 13.5%~27.0%.The transfer rate of dry matter from vegetative organs of soybean decreased by 17.5%~28.5%,and the contribution rate decreased by 52.0%~71.0%.Each narrow row spacing at 40cm reached a balance of systematic competition,which could coordinate the complementary competition and material distribution of maize and soybean relay strip intercropping.

关 键 词：套作 竞争力 竞争强度 竞争比率 相对贡献率 干物质分配 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]