撞匙开锁痕迹特征研究  

Characteristic Marks Left on the Lock from the Bump-key Lockpick

作　　者：王礼迅 程桂敏 李孝君[2] 李维勇[1] 黄睿 WANG Lixun;CHENG Guimin;LI Xiaojun;LI Weiyong;HUANG Rui(Zunyi Public Security Bureau,Zunyi 563000,Guizhou,China;Institute of Forensic Science,Ministry of Public Security,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]遵义市公安局,贵州遵义563000 [2]公安部物证鉴定中心,北京100038

出　　处：《刑事技术》2020年第5期486-490,I0004,I0005,共7页Forensic Science and Technology

基　　金：痕迹科学与技术公安部重点实验室开放课题(2017FMKFKT02)。

摘　　要：目的研究撞匙开锁工具在锁具上遗留的痕迹特征,为技术性开锁的检验鉴定提供新的技术参考。方法使用林氏电动撞匙开锁工具、将军电动撞匙开锁工具、常用锁撞击快开工具套装三种撞匙开锁工具分别开启单、双排弹子锁各5把,通过蔡司立体显微镜V20观察并记录三种工具在锁具锁孔、锁芯匙槽、圆头弹子及平头弹子上形成的痕迹特征。结果单排弹子锁:三种撞匙工具在锁孔处造成磨损;在锁芯匙槽内林氏电动撞匙开锁工具开锁发现明显痕迹,其余两种在内壁发现擦划痕迹;在随机圆头弹子球面均发现撞击痕迹和擦划痕迹;在随机平头弹子柱面均发现擦划痕迹。双排弹子锁:三种撞匙工具中只有将军电动撞匙开锁工具在弹子孔上造成磨损;在随机圆头弹子球面均发现撞击痕迹和条状擦划痕迹;在随机平头弹子柱面均发现擦划痕。结论在弹子锁的检验鉴定中,若在单排弹子锁的锁孔处发现磨损、锁芯匙槽内壁发现擦划痕迹、圆头弹子球面发现不规则分布的撞击痕迹,或在双排弹子锁的圆头弹子球面发现不规则分布的撞击痕迹,那么不排除该锁具被撞匙工具开启过。Objective To explore the characteristic marks left on the pin-tumbling lock from the bump-key lockpick/unlocking tool so as to provide technical reference for the inspection and identification of technical unlocking.Methods Three unlocking tools(Lin’s/General’s electric bump-key lockpick and common impacting quick unlocking kit)were respectively used to unlock five ones of single-/two-row-pin tumbling locks,with their resulted marks on the locks being observed under Zeiss stereomicroscope V20 onto the lock hole,plug slot,round-/flat-nosed pin.Results For single-row-pin tumbling lock,the wear and tear was left on the keyhole from all the three unlocking tools,with the obvious marks in the plug slot being from Lin’s electric bump-key lockpick yet scratches on the inner wall from the other two unlocking tools.Struck and scratched marks were found on the spherical surface of stochastic round-nosed pins,so were the scratches on the cylindrical surface of stochastic flat-nosed pins.For two-row-pin tumbling lock,only the General’s electric bump-key lockpick caused the wear and tear on the pinhole.On the spherical/cylindrical surface of the stochastic round-/flat-nosed pins,the same marks arose there as those of the single-row-pin tumbling lock.Conclusion For the pin-tumbling lock,suggestions would be of bump-key lockpick/unlocking tool likely poking into the lock if such marks occurred to a single-row-pin lock as the abrasion at the keyhole,scratches on the inner wall of the plug slot,and irregularly-scattering impacted signs on the spherical surface of round-nosed pins.For a two-row-pin lock,similar implication would be suggesting when marks were shown as the one identical to the last item indicated above about the single-row lock.

关 键 词：痕迹学 撞匙工具 弹子锁 撞击痕迹 

分 类 号：DF794.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]