真实、现世与自为:媒体泛化语境下纪录片的特质问题研究  

Reality,Life and Self-reliance:A Study on the Characteristics of Documentary in the Context of Media Generalization

作　　者：张恒[1] 姚争[2] Zhang Heng;Yao Zheng

机构地区：[1]浙江传媒学院全媒体实验创新中心,浙江杭州310018 [2]浙江传媒学院,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《未来传播》2020年第4期61-70,137,共11页Future Communication

摘　　要：在媒体泛化的语境下,纪录片面临着内容和形式的双重泛化。内容的泛化主要表现为:纪实影像被过度消费,最终造成了纪录片纪实精神的泛化;形式的泛化主要表现为:纪录片节目形态的多元及泛化。在此语境下通过对纪录片真实性、现世性和自为性三个特质的重新审视,可以厘清它与其他节目类型的边界,这是纪录片审美之追求和旨趣之所在。真实性彰显了纪录片的精神价值,它表现为纪录片“现象”真实和“本质”真实的统一。现世性是指纪录片叙述语境与现实世界的关联性,它是纪录片重要的类型特征。由于影像真实的审美范式被逐渐打破,现世性在纪录片类型的建构中起到了更为关键的作用。自为性要求纪录片的创作是非功利的,它不能被市场和消费的逻辑所左右。具有自为性的纪录片使人的生存情感得以呈现,观众可以从中领会到人生的意义和生命的价值。In the context of media generalization,documentary is facing the double generalization of content and form.The generalization of content is mainly manifested as the excessive consumption of documentary images,resulting in the generalization of documentary spirit;the generalization of form is mainly manifested in the diversification and generalization of documentary program.In this context,through the reexamination of documentary authenticity,worldliness and self-reliance,we can clarify its boundary with other program types,which is the pursuit and purport of documentary aesthetic.Authenticity shows the spiritual value of documentary,which is the unity of"phenomenon"reality and"essence"reality.Secularity refers to the relevance between the narrative context and the real world,which is an important type of documentary.As the aesthetic paradigm of image reality has been gradually broken,earthliness plays a more important role in the construction of documentary types.The creation of documentary films is not utilitarian and cannot be controlled by the logic of market and consumption.The documentary with self-reliance makes people's survival emotion present,and the audience can understand the meaning and value of life.

关 键 词：纪录片 真实性 现世性 自为性 

分 类 号：J952[艺术—电影电视艺术]