取向、入径与科学启示:孟子人性论研究的再思考  

Orientation,Approach,and Scientific Implication:Rethinking of Research on the Mencian Theory of Human Nature

作　　者：刘笑敢 LIU Xiao-gan(School of Philosophy,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学哲学学院,北京100875

出　　处：《齐鲁学刊》2020年第5期5-17,共13页Qilu Journal

摘　　要：现代学界有关孟子人性论的解释蕴含两种入径:第一种入径可称之为“直接、素朴式解读”,以汉学家葛瑞汉、哲学家孟旦以及历史学家华霭仁为代表;第二种入径可称之为“迂回、注入式重释”,以牟宗三和安乐哲为代表,他们分别借用康德理论、杜威观点以及过程哲学对孟子人性论说进行重新诠释。讨论孟子人性论,亦不应忽视现代科学的新发现。保罗·布鲁姆运用实验心理学,断定婴儿的反应确实带有成人道德判断的某些标志性特征,从而证实了“人天然具有道德感”的假设,而这与孟子的人性观是完全吻合的。孟子和现代心理学家都从各自的角度揭示了人性中存在善的基因。进一步探究和反思接纳这些理论的原因和理由应该是有重要意义的,它有助于我们树立起对待人类和人类社会的正确态度,而这反过来又将长期影响我们生活的品质。It contains two approaches on explanation of the Mencius theory of human nature in modern academic circles.The first called an approach of“straightforward reading”,is represented by sinologist A.C.Graham,philosopher Donald J.Munro,and historian IreneT.Bloom;The second called an approach of“injective interpretation”,is represented by Mou Zongsan and Roger T.Ames,who reinterpret the Mencius theory in an injective way with the Kantian theory and process philosophy,respectively.Nevertheless,we should not ignore the new scientific discoveries,when discussing human nature.The claim that there exists a foundation of goodnes in human nature has been revealed by both Mencius and modern psychologists from their own perspectives.It should be meaningful to investigate the rationale of acceptance of their theories further.This kind of investigation can help us establish a right attitude towards human and human society,which in turn will long influence the quality of our life.

关 键 词：两种入径 两种取向 孟子人性论 牟宗三 安乐哲 保罗·布鲁姆 

分 类 号：B222.5[哲学宗教—中国哲学] B26