值班律师制度的结构性分析——以“有权获得法律帮助”为理论线索  

Structural Analysis of the System of On-duty Lawyer——Take the Right to Obtain Legal Assistance as the Theoretical Clue

作　　者：王迎龙[1] WANG Ying-long(School of Law,Beijing Technology and Business University,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工商大学法学院,北京100048

出　　处：《内蒙古社会科学》2020年第5期98-106,共9页Inner Mongolia Social Sciences

基　　金：北京市教育委员会社科一般项目(编号:SM201910011010);中国博士后科学基金第63批面上资助项目(编号:2018M631531);中国博士后科学基金第12批特别资助项目(编号:2019T120118)。

摘　　要：值班律师制度法律帮助职能的立法设计与认罪认罚案件中律师有效参与及刑事辩护全覆盖的应然要求存在结构性冲突。解决这一问题的关键在于首先明确司法实践的现实需求,进而引导值班律师供给侧制度改革,而非一概以“辩护人化”了之。基于实践需求,一方面在认罪认罚案件中,可以考虑明确值班律师有效法律帮助的认定标准,构建无效法律帮助程序的制裁机制,弥合值班律师法律帮助职能与律师有效参与需求间的功能悖离;另一方面,“刑事辩护”全覆盖应为辩护律师与值班律师并存的二元体系,保留值班律师提供初步、及时法律帮助的功能特性。值班律师制度理论来源于“有权获得法律帮助”,是对“有权获得辩护”原则的理论发展。在辩护权利规范运行体系相对完善的背景下,应更强调国家法律援助的义务,实现辩护权利“质”与“量”的双重保障。在此理论基础上,通过完善值班律师与法律援助律师二元划分的法律援助体系,实现律师供给侧与需求侧的结构性平衡。There is structural conflict between the role of the legal assistance of the on-duty lawyer and the need of effective participation of lawyers and full coverage of criminal defense in Chinese plead guilty cases.The key to the solution is to clarify the actual needs of judicial practice firstly,and then guide the reform of the supply-side system of on-duty lawyers,rather than defender the on-duty lawyer.On the one hand,based on practical needs,we could establish the criteria for determining effective legal assistance of on-duty lawyers,construct a sanction mechanism for ineffective legal assistance,and bridge the functional gap between the legal assistance of duty lawyers and the need for effective participation of lawyers.On the other hand,the full coverage of criminal defense should be a dual system in which defense lawyers and on-duty lawyers coexist.The function of on-duty lawyers to provide preliminary and timely legal assistance should be retained.The theory of the on-duty lawyer system originates from the right to obtain legal assistance which is the theoretical development of the principle of the right to obtain defense.In a relatively standard criminal defense system,the national duty to provide legal assistance should be more emphasized in order to realize the dual protection of the quality and quantity of defense rights.On the basis of this theory,the thesis aims to establish the dual legal assistance system of on-duty lawyers and legal defense lawyers and to realize the structural balance between the supply side and the demand side of lawyers.

关 键 词：值班律师 认罪认罚从宽 有效辩护 法律帮助权 刑事辩护全覆盖 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]