基于语料库的副词“稍微”的句法语义研究  

A Study of the Syntax and Semantics of the Adverb“shaowei”(稍微)Based on Corpus

作　　者：杨彩影 石高峰 柴省三[1,2] YANG Caiying;SHI Gaofeng;CHAI Xingsan(Institute on Educational Policy and Evaluation of International Students,Beijing Language and Culture University,Beijing 100083 China;Faculty of Intemational Education of Chinese Language,Bejjing Language and Culture University,Bejing 100083 China)

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学国际学生教育政策与评价研究院,中国北京100083 [2]北京语言大学汉语国际教育学部,中国北京100083

出　　处：《海外华文教育》2020年第2期105-111,共7页Overseas Chinese Education

基　　金：北京语言大学研究生创新基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金)(19YCX143);教育部社科基金项目“汉语作为第二语言的搭配知识库建设及习得机制研究”(19XJC740002)。

摘　　要：本文通过语料库统计对副词"稍微"的语法意义、句法分布特点及其词类划分进行了详细描写与讨论。我们认为"稍微"的典型词类是主观相对程度副词,其主要用在陈述句中,具有[+小量][+程度低]的语义特征。修饰谓词性成分是其典型语法功能,修饰名词性成分是其边缘功能,其在修饰谓词性成分时受关联成分或事件发生背景的制约,本质是表示程度的再次弱化。"稍微"主要出现在句子的状语位置,但分布比较灵活,在口语中甚至可以出现在整个句子的句首(主语前),对整个句子做评注,表现出去范畴化现象,呈现了向语气副词发展的趋势。语气副词是"稍微"的非典型词类,具有[+肯定][+程度低]的语义特征,可以表达肯定、推测、评价的语气。This paper analyzes in detail the grammatical meaning,syntactic distribution and word classification of the adverb"shaowei"(稍微)based on corpus.We think the typical usage of that is subjective relative degree adverb,which is mainly used in declarative sentences and has the semantic feature of[+small quantity][+low degree].The modifier predicate component is its typical grammatical function,while the nominal component is its non-main function."shaowei"(稍微)mainly appears in the adverbial position of the sentence,but their usage is more flexible.It can even appear at the beginning of the whole sentence(before the subject)in the spoken language making comments.That showing the phenomenon of de-categorization and a trend towards the development of modal adverbs.Modal adverbs are its atypical usage,with the semantic characteristics of[+affirmation][+low degree],which can express the mood of affirmation,speculation and evaluation.

关 键 词：稍微 句法 语义 副词 语料库 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]