橡胶籽营养价值及其在水产饲料中的应用进展  

Nutritional Value of Rubber Seed and Its Application in Aquafeed

作　　者：林贝贝 张新党[1] 王恒志 张剑伟 陈路斯 李光彬 王秋梅 邓君明[1] LIN Beibei;ZHANG Xindang;WANG Hengzhi;ZHANG Jianwei;CHEN Lusi;LI Guangbin;WANG Qiumei;DENG Junming(College of Animal Science and Technology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学动物科学技术学院,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第5期919-925,共7页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31760761);云南省应用基础研究重点项目(2018FA018)。

摘　　要：橡胶树是中国重要的经济树种,广泛种植于云南和海南等热带区域。橡胶籽是橡胶树的重要副产品,其种仁营养价值高;其中,粗蛋白含量约25%~30%,且必需氨基酸组成较平衡;粗脂肪含量为50%,且橡胶籽油成分近似于亚麻籽油,富含α-亚麻酸,其含量为花生油和葵花油的数十倍。橡胶籽中含有氢氰酸等抗营养因子,但经贮存、加热可钝化绝大部分氰化物。可见,橡胶籽及其加工产品可作为养殖动物饲料原料。前期研究发现:水产饲料中添加一定比例橡胶籽饼对鱼类生长和健康无明显负面影响,但高比例添加会对鱼类消化和健康产生一定负面影响,其可能与橡胶籽饼中高含量粗纤维有关;橡胶籽饼中赖氨酸和蛋氨酸含量相对较低,使用时应注意补充赖氨酸和蛋氨酸。橡胶籽油富含α-亚麻酸,是鱼油的优质替代源,可部分甚至完全替代水产饲料中的鱼油。本文综述了橡胶籽产品的营养价值及其在水产饲料中的应用现状,可为橡胶籽的开发利用提供理论基础。Rubber tree(Hevea brasiliensis)is an important economic tree in China.It is widely planted in Yunnan and Hainan Province.Rubber seed is an important by-product of rubber tree,and the nutritional values of rubber seed kernel is high.Crude protein content of the rubber seed kernel is about 25%-30%,and the essential amino acid profile is balanced.Crude fat content of rubber seed kernel is about 50%,and the composition of rubber seed oil is similar to that of flaxseed oil which rich in alpha-linolenic acid.The alpha-linolenic acid content of rubber seed oil is more than tens of times than that of peanut oil and sunflower oil.However,rubber seeds contain anti-nutritional factors such as hydrocyanic acid,but most of which will disappear after storage and heating.Thus,rubber seed and its processing products can be used as feed ingredients for farmed animals.Previous studies showed that a certain proportion of rubber seed cake used in aquafeed has no obvious harmful effect on the growth and health of fish,but the high proportion of rubber seed cake will have a negative impact on the digestion and health of fish,which may be attributed to the high crude fiber content.The contents of lysine and methionine in rubber seed cake are relatively low,thus it should be paid attention to the adding of lysine and methionine. Rubber seed oil is rich in alpha-linolenic acid, which is also a highqualityalternative source for fish oil. Rubber seed oil can partially or even completely replace fish oilin aquafeed. The nutritional value of rubber seed and its application in aquafeed were reviewed in thispaper, which could provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of rubber seed.

关 键 词：橡胶籽 橡胶籽饼 橡胶籽油 营养价值 水产饲料 

分 类 号：S794.108[农业科学—林木遗传育种]