美国大选移民政策争论背后的价值难题  

The Value Dilemmas behind the Debate on Immigration Policy in the US Presidential Election

作　　者：陈肖生[1,2] CHEN Xiaosheng

机构地区：[1]南京大学政府管理学院 [2]南京大学亚太发展研究中心

出　　处：《当代美国评论》2020年第3期31-47,123,124,共19页Contemporary American Review

基　　金：2019年度国家社科基金一般项目“西方政治哲学中尊重理念与政治道德基础问题研究”(项目编号:19BZX125)的阶段性成果;南京大学“中央高校基本科研业务费专项”(项目编号:011714370119)的资助。

摘　　要：美国大选有关移民问题的争论,就共和党和民主党两党的政策宣示来看已变成"美国利益"与"美国价值"的对峙。但将移民现象降低为经济的争利活动或者拔高为道德化的国家精神,均无助于合理理解移民政策对现代政治与民族国家提出的挑战。移民难题一方面引发自由民主国家所承诺的平等主义立场的国内外不一致问题,进而要求国家担负比人道主义援助责任更高的全球分配正义义务;另一方面,移民权利在内容上的不断扩张及其在地位上趋向一种超国家的普遍人权,削弱了国家传统上以授予公民资格及其相关联权益来归化移民的权力,这又进一步导致民族国家同一性难以维系的隐忧。美国移民问题看似独特和例外,但它提出了全球化时代国家的权力、责任与功能如何革新的课题。According to the policy declarations of both parties,the debate on immigration in the US presidential election has become a confrontation between American interests and American values.However,it is not helpful to understand the challenge of immigration to modern politics and nationstate,by either downplaying immigration issues as competition of economic interests,or exaggerating it as moralized national spirit.The immigration problem,on the one hand,leads to the inconsistency between the egalitarian position promised by liberal democratic states at home and abroad,which in turn requires the state to assume a higher level of global obligation of distributive justice than the duty of humanitarian assistance.On the other hand,it weakens the country’s power to naturalize immigrants by granting them citizenship and associated rights and interests,since the content of immigrant rights expands to a kind of supranational universal human rights,which further leads to the difficulty in maintaining national identity.The immigration problem in the US seems unique and exceptional,but it raises the issue of how to reform the power,responsibility and function of modern nation-state in the era of globalization.

关 键 词：美国大选 美国移民政策 民族同一性 公民资格 

分 类 号：D771.2[政治法律—政治学]