刑事对物之诉的程序构造  

The Procedure Structure of the Criminal Action in Rem

作　　者：高洁[1] GAO Jie(Law School,Capital University of Economics and Business,Beijing 100070,China)

机构地区：[1]首都经济贸易大学法学院,北京100070

出　　处：《法学论坛》2020年第5期73-85,共13页Legal Forum

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目《刑事对物之诉》(16CFX036)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：刑事对物之诉概念最初是针对独立没收程序提出来的,之后扩展到被告人到案的定罪没收程序,使得长期以来依附于定罪量刑程序、行政化处理的涉案财物追缴程序有望实现诉讼化的改造。不同于传统的对人之诉,对物之诉的对物性、公诉性及刑事性决定了检察机关是对物之诉的启动者,对涉案财物主张财产权的利害关系人有权作为有独立请求权的第三人参与诉讼,于是在本诉特别没收之诉外增加了参加之诉权属异议之诉。对于本诉来说,被追诉人即被告人,主张涉案财物为其合法所有的被害人为特殊的利害关系人,而近亲属利害关系人为被追诉人的利益代表人。对物之诉的特殊性决定了其裁判应相对独立于对人之诉,应根据是否有被告人、被害人及其他利害关系人提出异议,选择适用开庭审理方式和书面审理方式。The concept of criminal action in rem was brought up referring to stand-alone confiscation procedure,which afterwards was expanded to the confiscation procedure in which the defendant is present. It makes the confiscation procedure of the property involved which attach itself to conviction and sentence procedure for a long time would come into track of the litigation. Defer from traditional action in personam,action in rem’s nature of object,public and criminal determines the procuratorial organs are the initiator,and the stakeholders who propose property right to property involved have right to access the procedure as intervenor with the right to independent claims. As a result,participation action which is added besides original action. As to original action,the accused is the defendant,the victim who propose legal proprietary right to property involved is the special stakeholder,and the close relative stakeholder is the interest representatives of the accused. The particularity of action in rem determines its judgement should independent from action in personam relatively. In according to whether the accused,the victim or the relative stakeholder propose objection,we may choose ways of hearing in court or written trial.

关 键 词：对物之诉 涉案财物没收程序 被追诉人 被害人 裁判方式 

分 类 号：D915[政治法律—诉讼法学]