清代湘西改土归流州县法律安排与司法实践  

The Legal Arrangement and the Judicial Practice of the Counties in Southwest China during the Replacement of Chieftains with Officials in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：谢晓辉 XIE Xiaohui(Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学历史学系、中山大学历史人类学研究中心,广东广州510275

出　　处：《广西民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第4期47-54,共8页JOURNAL OF GUANGXI MINZU UNIVERSITY:PHILOSOPHY AND SOCIAL SCIENCE EDITION

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“清代湘西地区改土归流与开辟苗疆的比较研究”(项目编号:17BZS116)。

摘　　要：通过对湘西改土归流区与新开发苗疆区刑科题本的比较研究,研究考察了清代这两大类文化异质地区在司法层面如何整合入王朝国家的大一统秩序,指出清廷在这些地区并未真正实施"一体化"治理,而是推行了差异化的法律策略,且这种制度安排也跟两类地区原有纠纷解决传统与机制密切相关。得益于土司时期的管理体系与纠纷解决机制,原土司区在实施州县治理后,能够较为顺利地整合入王朝国家的秩序。但在原"无君长不相统属"的苗区,清廷遭遇了较大挫折,较平稳的社会与司法秩序在很大程度上依赖乾嘉苗民起义后地方军事化、多元化管理这类高成本管控才勉强重建。This paper makes a comparative study on the homicide reports in newly established counties during the implementation of replacing native chieftains with circulating officials and of developing Miao frontier in the Qing dynasty.The paper tries to analyze how these two areas of cultural heterogeneity were integrated into the unified order of the state at the judicial level.It is found that the Qing government implemented differentiated legal strategies instead of the real"unified"governance,which was closely related to the dispute settlement tradition and mechanism of the regions.Benefiting from these mechanism,the newly established counties were integrated smoothly into the order of the Qing Dynasty.However,the Qing government encountered great setbacks in the Miao areas.The stable social and judicial order largely depended on the high cost governance such as local militarization and diversified management after the Miao people’s uprising in Qianlong’s and Jiaqing’s reign.

关 键 词：湘西 改土归流 苗疆 法律安排 司法实践 

分 类 号：C912.4[经济管理]