反思第三人撤销之诉与案外人申请再审的关系——基于立法、司法、法理的多维角度  

Reflections on the Relationship Between the Third-party Opposition Procedure and Retrial for Persons Other than Involved in the Case-Based on the Multi-dimensions of Legislation,Judicature and Jurisprudence

作　　者：刘东[1] Liu Dong(School of Law,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 201620)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法律学院,上海201620

出　　处：《河南财经政法大学学报》2020年第5期143-156,共14页Journal of Henan University of Economics and Law

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学青年课题“民事第三人权利救济体系研究”(项目编号:19YJC820034)的阶段性成果;华东政法大学科学研究项目;上海市教育发展基金会;上海市教育委员会“晨光计划”资助。

摘　　要：就如何选择适用第三人撤销之诉和案外人申请再审,现行立法采取了并行适用外加赋予第三人选择权的模式。针对同一事由,立法同时赋予第三人两种相似的救济手段,存在着过度保护的嫌疑,还有可能造成第三人"逐一提起、试错排除"的局面。经过对比分析,第三人撤销之诉较之案外人申请再审有着诸多优势,且与"当事人立场"的诉讼观更加契合,可替代案外人申请再审作为第三人权利保护的唯一事后性救济手段。为避免第三人撤销之诉起诉门槛过低可能给裁判稳定性造成的冲击,可以从诉讼告知制度的设置、第三人类型的健全及审理程序的二阶化构造等方面对第三人撤销之诉作进一步的优化。On how to choose the application of the third party revocation action and the case outsider application for retrial,the current legislation adopts the mode of parallel application plus giving the third party the right of choice.However,in view of the same matter,legislation gives the third party two similar remedies at the same time,there is a suspicion of over-protection,and it may also cause the third party to“mention one by one,exclude trial and error”.Through comparative analysis,the third party’s revocation action has many advantages over the application for retrial by an outsider,and is more in line with the litigation view of the“party’s position”,which can replace the application of an outsider as the only expost remedy for the protection of the third party’s rights.At the same time,in order to avoid the impact on the stability of the adjudication caused by the low threshold of the third party’s revocation action,it is necessary to further optimize the third party’s revocation action from the external environment and the system itself.

关 键 词：第三人撤销之诉 案外人申请再审 诉讼告知 二阶化构造 

分 类 号：D925.18[政治法律—诉讼法学]