土壤修复责任的公法属性——目的和工具面向的论证  

Public Law Attributes of Soil Restoration Responsibility:Purpose and Tool Orientation

作　　者：胡静[1] HU Jing

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》2020年第5期29-37,共9页Journal of Social Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“污染场地修复责任性质及其实现机制研究”(17YJA820008);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“土壤环境保护立法研究”(14JJD820010)。

摘　　要：土壤修复责任的目的并非保护土地权利人,而是保护土壤不具有专属性的生态功能和维护土壤环境质量,修复责任的目的决定其属于公法责任。土壤环境质量对于稳定性和持续性的要求意味着土壤修复责任具有法定强制性,必须由具有民意基础且具有稳定性和持续性的法律加以规定,而且不能由具有任意性的私法规定,而应由具有强行性的公法规定。行政机关具有代表公共利益的正当性、身处较为完善和成熟的监督体系之下以及具有专业技术性上的优势,理应主导修复责任的追究。因此,无论从目的还是工具面向,土壤修复责任都应定位为公法责任。The purpose of soil restoration responsibility is not to protect the rights of land holders,but to protect the inclusive ecological functions of soil,maintaining the quality of the soil environment.The purpose of restoration determines that it is a public law responsibility.The requirement of stability and sustainability of soil environmental quality means that the responsibility for soil remediation is legally mandatory and must be stipulated by law,which is based on public opinion and has stability and continuity,rather than be stipulated by private law,which has arbitrary nature.The administrative authority has the legitimacy,for it represents the public interest,and has the professional and technical advantages,as well as under supervision system.Therefore,it is the administrative authority that should lead the investigation and restoration of polluted soil.In terms of both purpose and tool orientation,the responsibility for soil remediation should be attributed to public law responsibility.

关 键 词：土壤修复责任 公法责任 私法责任 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学] X53[政治法律—法学]