新闻学的范式转换:从职业性到社会性  

The Paradigm Shift of Journalism:From Occupation Paradigm to Social Paradigm

作　　者：杨保军[1,2] 李泓江[1] Yang Baojun;Li Hongjiang

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学新闻学院 [2]中国人民大学新闻与社会发展研究中心

出　　处：《新闻与传播研究》2020年第8期5-25,126,共22页Journalism & Communication

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金项目“当代中国新闻理论研究”(项目批准号:18XNLG06)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：新闻学诞生于职业语境之中,并形成了职业研究范式。这一范式以职业新闻现象、职业新闻活动为主要研究对象;以职业新闻工作的精神内核为自身价值理念;以专业新闻观念为理论体系的内在核心。信息技术引发了新闻领域的互联网革命,造成了不同于职业新闻活动的新兴景象,新闻活动特别是新闻生产活动逐渐从职业性的活动转变为社会性的活动,这种变化反映至学术层面,意味着新闻学研究逻辑起点和研究对象的转换,因而开启了研究范式在对象意义上从职业范式向社会范式的转换历程。社会范式不同于职业范式的地方在于,它以网络化、关系化为基本视野,将新闻活动放置在人和社会等更为根本的层面进行审视。与此同时,社会范式应当实现其价值关怀层面的"去职业化",不再主要以职业新闻活动为新闻学的核心关注对象,而是以更加宽阔的视野、理性客观的学术姿态探讨作为社会现象的新闻活动或新闻现象。研究范式的转换是一个渐进的过程。若要建立社会范式,就应当对新闻学的逻辑起点——新闻予以反思与重新理解,并在此起点上创建出社会范式的话语体系与知识体系,以交叉融合、多元理解的方式促进新闻学知识版图的不断拓展。Journalism was born in the context of occupation,and formed an occupation research paradigm.This paradigm takes the occupational news phenomenon and occupational news activities as the main research objects;takes the spiritual core of professional journalism work as its own value belief;and takes the professional news concept as the inner core of the theoretical system.Information technology has triggered the internet revolution in the field of journalism,which has created a new phenomenon different from occupational news activities.News activities have gradually changed from occupational activities to social activities.This change has been reflected in the academic level,which means that journalism has opened the paradigm shift from the occupational paradigm to the social paradigm.This paragidm is different from the occupational paradigm in that it is based on network and relationship.It does research in a certain distance rather than arguing for the occupation news activities,and places news activities on the more fundamental aspects of people,world and society to examine and think.Meanwhile,social paradigm should be de-occupational,and journalism should no longer take the attitude of defending occupational journalism practice,but explore news activity in a pure,true academic spirit and a detached and objective research attitude.The transformation of the paradigm is a gradual process.To establish a social paradigm,we should rebuild the journalism theory system on the basis of retrieving the origin of journalism research,clean up the knowledge system,conceptual system and discourse system of occupational paradigm,and carry out creative transformation and utilization.At the same time,we should promote the expansion and proliferation of the journalism knowledge map in a cross-integration and multi-disciplinary way.

关 键 词：新闻学 范式转换 职业范式 社会范式 

分 类 号：G210[文化科学—新闻学]