农业用水精准补贴机制的激励、约束作用探析——以一提一补制度为例  

A Discussion on the Agricultural Water of Incentive and Restrictive Effect of Precision Subsidy Mechanism:--Taking a System of Collection and Allocateion Subsidy as an Example

作　　者：常宝军 郭安强[1] 鲁关立 庞昭进[1] 李伟[1] 李晓爽[1] 王秀果[1] CHANG Bao-jun;GUO An-qiang;LU Guan-li;PANG Zhao-jin;LI Wei;LI Xiao-shuang;WANG Xiu-guo(Dryland Farming Institute, Hebei Acadamy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Hengshui 053000,Hebei Province, China;Hengshui Water Conservancy Bureau, Hengshui 053000, Hebei Province, China)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所,河北衡水053000 [2]衡水市桃城区水利局,河北衡水053000

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2020年第9期62-65,共4页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：河北省农林科学院基本科研业务费项目(2018040301);一提一补机制推广应用(水综节水[2010]93号)。

摘　　要：国办发〔2016〕2号文件明确要求建立与节水成效、提价幅度、财力状况相匹配的农业用水精准补贴机制,一提一补制度于2005年8月正式实施时,就配套实施了政府精准补贴机制,并在实践中形成了有效的节水激励机制和约束机制,从而保障制度的有效实施。选取了实行一提一补制度的典型村,从经济利益角度分析了制度形成的过程,实施后每个用水户的损益情况,以及用水户对制度的态度,得出了单纯的激励制度并不能保证制度的实施,只有激励和约束机制的共同作用才能保障制度的运行,但这种约束机制的核心是道德约束,其形成要有一定的条件。It is clearly necessary to establish a precise subsidy mechanism for agricultural water that matches the water-saving effect,price increase and financial status in Document No.2[2016]of the State Council.When collecting and allocating subsidy system was formally implemented in August 2005,it was matched with the government precision subsidy mechanism,and it formed an effective water-saving incentive mechanism and water-saving restraint mechanism in practice,so as to ensure the long-term effective implementation of the system.This paper selects a typical village,analyzes the process of system formation,the profit and loss of each water user after its implementation,and the attitude of the water user to the system from the perspective of economic interests,and concludes that a simple incentive system cannot guarantee the implementation of the system.Only the joint role of incentive and restraint mechanisms can guarantee the operation of the system.However,the core of this restraint mechanism is moral restraint,and its formation should be subject to certain conditions.

关 键 词：农业用水 一提一补 精准补贴 激励机制 约束机制 节奖超罚 

分 类 号：TV-9[水利工程] F812.2[经济管理—财政学]