考虑多因素的元胞自动机室内人员疏散模拟研究  

Simulation of Indoor Emergency Evacuation based on Cellular Automata

作　　者：翟越[1,2] 薄杰 侯亚楠 屈璐 徐福顺 ZHAI Yue;BO Jie;HOU Yanan;QU Lu;XU Fushun(Chang’an University,School of Geological Engineering and Surveying and Mapping,Xi’an 710000,China;Institute of Safety Technology in Chang’an University,Xi’an 710000,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学地质工程与测绘学院,陕西西安710054 [2]长安大学安全技术研究所,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《灾害学》2020年第4期72-76,共5页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目创新团队培育(300102269401);西安市建设规划项目(211826190566)。

摘　　要：为了提高室内人员应急疏散模拟的仿真度,使用元胞自动机(cellular automata,CA)进行了有障碍物和无障碍物两种情况下考虑多种因素的室内人员疏散模拟。有障碍物与无障碍物的模拟结果可以形成对照,帮助研究障碍物对于人员疏散路径的影响。将模拟结果与传统疏散模拟软件Pathfinder进行对比分析,并基于分析结果提出了改进元胞自动机人员出口选择的算法。结果表明,考虑心理因素的元胞自动机模型能够很好的模拟室内人员在疏散时的行为,但其在模拟过程中会有人员不合理的反复折返现象。通过设置出口周围的临界人数改进了人员出口选择的算法,能够在不破坏原程序随机性的基础上有效消除人员疏散时的反复折返现象,提高了元胞自动机仿真模拟的真实性。In order to improve the simulation of indoor personnel emergency evacuation, cellular automata(CA) is used to simulate indoor personnel evacuation with and without obstacles. The simulation results with and without obstacles can be compared to help study the influence of obstacles on the evacuation path of personnel. The simulation results are compared with the traditional evacuation simulation software Pathfinder, and based on the analysis results, an improved algorithm for personnel exit selection of cellular automata is proposed. The results show that the cellular automata model considering the psychological factors can well simulate the behavior of indoor personnel in evacuation, but there will be the phenomenon of unreasonable personnel’s repeated return in the simulation process. By setting the critical number of people around the exit, the algorithm of personnel exit selection is improved, which can effectively eliminate the phenomenon of repeated return in evacuation without destroying the randomness of the original program, and improve the authenticity of cellular automata simulation.

关 键 词：应急疏散 元胞自动机(cellular automata CA) PATHFINDER 仿真模拟 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治] X45