根际生防菌群的应用及其防病增效的潜在机制  

Application of Rhizospheric Biocontrol Consortia and the Potential Mechanisms of Their Enhancing Efficacy on Disease-suppressive Effect

作　　者：王卫雄 沈博 贾洪柏[1] 乔俊卿[2] 牛犇 WANG Wei-xiong;SHEN Bo;JIA Hong-bai;QIAO Jun-qing;NIU Ben(State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding,College of Life Science,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040;Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangze Plain,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affaris,Institute of Plant Protection,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学生命科学学院林木遗传育种国家重点实验室,哈尔滨150040 [2]农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室江苏省农业科学院植物保护研究所,南京210014

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2020年第9期31-41,共11页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31801785,31660543)。

摘　　要：开发与应用根际生防微生物制剂,是一种环境友好的植物病害防控策略。根际生防微生物在寄主植物和土壤中的定殖量不足与抑制病原物生长的效率不高,限制了其防病功能的发挥。目前,相当数量的研究结果证实,根际生防菌群能够改善根际生防微生物的防病效果。综述了应用根际生防菌群防治植物病害的现状与根际生防菌群通过微生物的种间互作调控定殖、抑菌与诱导抗性增强防病效果的潜在机制,讨论了根际生防微生物的生长、生物膜形成、运动性、资源竞争能力以及抑菌化合物的生物合成与根际生防菌群提升防病功能的关系,并对未来根际生防菌群的研究方向及其构建与应用效率的提升策略进行了展望,指出了进一步深化根际生防菌群的增效机制研究应关注的科学问题,强调了通过简化根际微生物组构建根际生防菌群的策略与根际生防菌群和单一生防微生物菌株搭配应用的重要性。The development and application of rhizospheric biocontrol microorganism-based biopesticide is an environmentally friendly strategy for the control of plant diseases.Two major barriers limiting the disease-inhibiting function of rhizosphere biocontrol microbes are inadequate host and soil colonization as well as inefficient suppression of phytopathogen growth.Currently,it has been verified from a fair amount of studies that rhizospheric biocontrol consortia are capable of improving the disease-suppressing effect of biocontrol microorganisms of rhizosphere.First,we review the current status of applying rhizosphere biocontrol consortia in managing plant diseases and the potential mechanisms of enhancing disease-suppressive efficacy such as regulating colonization,pathogen inhibition and induced systemic resistance by microbial interactions within the rhizosphere biocontrol consortia.Then,we discuss the relationships between the effect of the rhizospheric biocontrol consortia on enhancing the disease-inhibiting function and the factors of growth,biofilm formation,motility,resource competitiveness,and biosynthesis of antimicrobial compounds of the rhizosphere biocontrol microbes,respectively.Further,we prospect the directions of future study on rhizosphere biocontrol consortia and the tactics for elevating the efficiencies of their construction and application.Finally,we point out the concerned scientific topics in further deepening the study on the efficacy-enhancing mechanism of rhizospheric biocontrol consortia,and emphasize the strategy for constructing them by simplifying rhizosphere microbiome and the importance of applying rhizosphere biocontrol consortia together with a single strain of the disease-suppressive microorganisms.

关 键 词：根际生防菌群 植物病害 定殖 抑菌 诱导抗性 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]