不同林龄欧李根系分布及形态特征  

Distribution and Morphological Characteristics of Cerasus humilis Root System in Different Stand Ages

作　　者：陈晓娜 段娜[1,3] 高君亮 徐军[1] 李帅 赵纳祺[1] 贾玉奎[1,3] CHEN Xiao-na;DUAN Na;GAO Jun-liang;XU Jun;LI Shuai;ZHAO Na-qi;JIA Yu-kui(Experimental Center of Desert Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Dengkou 015200,China;Dengkou Station of New Plant Variety Testing Center,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Dengkou 015200,China;National Long-Term Scientific Research Base of comprehensive control in Ulan Buh Desert,Dengkou 015200,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院沙漠林业实验中心,磴口015200 [2]国家林业和草原局植物新品种测试中心磴口分中心,磴口015200 [3]乌兰布和沙漠综合治理国家长期科研基地,磴口015200

出　　处：《温带林业研究》2020年第3期24-30,共7页Journal of Temperate Forestry Research

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划“沙化土地稳定恢复的生物质新材料筛选及产业化技术”(2016YFC0500904);国家林木种质资源共享服务平台(2005DKA21003)。

摘　　要：【目的】欧李是干旱、半干旱地区防风阻沙、保持水土、城市绿化及生态建设的优良灌木树种。其根系分布状况及形态结构特征能够反映植物对环境的生态适应性,不仅会影响植物的水分和养分吸收效率,还会影响欧李对风沙的抵抗能力,为进一步了解欧李适应干旱生境的机理,促进欧李在乌兰布和沙漠地区进一步的推广与应用。【方法】采用全挖掘法研究了乌兰布和沙漠不同林龄引种欧李的各径级根长、表面积、体积和生物量特征。【结果】栽植3 a内的欧李根系垂直分布较浅,主要呈水平分布,当根系垂向生长至40 cm后,则开始大量横向生长,根系主要分布在0~30 cm范围内。细根总根长较中根和粗根长,生长3 a后细根总根长达7049.70 cm,为栽植苗的20.14倍。欧李根系的根长、表面积、体积、生物量均随林龄增大呈逐渐增加趋势。根系在第2 a时,中根根长、表面积、体积及生物量较小,分别为497.46 cm、377.41 cm2、22.96 cm3、9.89 g,此时的中根正快速增粗生长,向粗根发展。当欧李生长3 a时,总根系生物量达611.35 g,分别较栽植年、生长1 a、生长2 a增加了610.22 g、572.39 g、373.75 g。3种径级的根系中,细根占总根的比例最低;生长1 a时,中根生物量占比最高;生长2 a后,粗根占总根的比例最大。【结论】综上可得,欧李根系能够吸收水平范围较广的水分和养分,且具有较强的抵抗风沙能力的根系。【Objective】Cerasus humilis is an excellent shrub tree for wind and sand control,soil and water conservation,urban greening and ecological construction in arid and semi-arid areas.Its root system distribution and morphology characteristics can refl ect the plant ecological adaptability to the environment,not only affects the water and nutrient absorption effi ciency of plants,can also affect Cerasus humilis resistance of sand,in order to further understand the mechanism of Cerasus humilis adaptation to arid habitats,promote Cerasus humilis in UlanBuh Desert areas further popularization and application.【Method】Using the excavation method,the different forest ages of Cerasus humilis in UlanBuh Desert were investigated,the changes of root length,surface area,volume and biomass were analyzed,it is helpful to clearly understand the adaptation mechanism of eucalyptus in desert area.【Result】The vertical distribution of plum root was shallower in 3 years,it is mainly distributed horizontally.When the root grew to 40 cm,the roots began to multiply laterally,mainly distributed in the range of 0-30 cm.The total root length of the fi ne roots was longer than that of the medium and rough roots.After growth of 3 a,the total root length of fi ne root reached 7049.70cm,it was 20.14 times higher than when it was planted.The root length,surface area,volume and biomass of Cerasus humilis increased with the growth of forest age.At 2 a,the root length,surface area,volume and biomass of the middle root were small,which were 497.46 cm,377.41 cm2,22.96 cm3 and 9.89 g,respectively.At this time,the middle root was growing rapidly and developing towards the thick root.When Cerasus humilis grew 3 a,the total root biomass reached 611.35 g,which was increased by 610.22 g,572.39 g and 373.75 g,respectively,compared with the planting year,growth 1 a and growth 2 a.Among the roots of the three diameters,the proportion of fi ne roots to total roots was the lowest.When growth 1 a,the proportion of medium root biomass was the highest.Aft

关 键 词：根系分布 形态特征 林龄 欧李 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]