总量控制对资源配置的影响:基于“两控区”和约束性污染控制政策的考察  

The Effect of Total Amount Control on Resource Allocation:Investigation Based on the"Two Control Zones"and the Obligatory Pollution Control Policy

作　　者：张彩云 夏勇[2] 王勇 Zhang Caiyun;Xia Yong;Wang Yong(Institute of Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100836,China;School of International Economics and Trade,Nanjing University of Finances and Economics,Nanjing 210046,China;Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy,Ministry of Environmental Protection,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院经济研究所,100836 [2]南京财经大学国际贸易学院,210046 [3]生态环境部环境与经济政策研究中心,100029

出　　处：《南开经济研究》2020年第4期185-205,共21页Nankai Economic Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“绿色发展理念下多元参与的环境治理体系研究”(18CJY022)的资助。

摘　　要：中国进入高质量发展阶段,兼顾经济发展与环境保护的重要性也日益凸显。以此为背景,本文以“两控区”政策和约束性污染控制政策为总量控制的代表性政策,采用双重差分法研究其对劳动力、资本等资源配置的影响,试图回答如何兼顾经济发展与环境保护这一问题。研究发现,总量控制政策使劳动力配置到政策严格实施地区,使资本和企业流出这些地区,这一结果具有稳健性。为探讨出现这种结果的原因,进一步的机制研究发现,总量控制政策主要通过“创新补偿”效应增加企业就业,通过“要素转换”效应使劳动力代替资本,从而使劳动力资源配置到政策实施严格地区;主要通过“遵循成本”效应和“要素转换”效应使投资和企业流动到政策相对宽松的地区。本文的研究结果为环境政策评价提供一定的实证依据。China's economy has been transitioning to a stage of high-quality development,so the importance of considering both economic development and environmental protection is more and more prominent.Taking this as the background,this paper uses the"Two Control Zones"policy and the obligatory pollution control policy as the representative policy of total amount control,and uses the difference-in-difference method to study its influence on the allocation of resources,such as labor and capital,and tries to answer the question of how to guarantee economic development and environmental protection.The empirical results show that the total amount control policy makes the labor force redistribute to the area that implements the policy,and makes the capital and the enterprise outflow these areas,this result is robust.In order to explore the reasons for such result,the further mechanism research finds that the total amount control policy mainly increases the scale of enterprise production through the"innovation offsets"effect,and the"factor-shift"effect makes the labor force instead of capital,thus making the labor resources allocated to the policy implementation area.Total amount control policy improves the environmental regulation level,and the costs of compliance and the"factor-shift"effect reduce investment and the number of new enterprises.The results provide some empirical evidence for environmental policy evaluation.

关 键 词：总量控制 资源配置 “两控区” 约束性污染控制政策 

分 类 号：X22[环境科学与工程—环境科学] F424[经济管理—产业经济]